Anatomy and Physiology Ch. 4 Histology Worksheets Part 2
Matching
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Other Matrix
Molecules a. | Aggregates | d. | Monomers | b. | Ground
substance | e. | Proteoglycans | c. | Hyaluronic acid | f. | Water |
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1.
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The _____ is the shapeless background against which collagen fibers are seen
through the microscope.
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2.
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Molecules found in ground substance include _____, a long, unbranched
polysaccharide that is very slippery,
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3.
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and _____, which are formed from proteins and polysaccharides.
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4.
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Proteoglycan _____ resemble minute pine tree branches.
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5.
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If the protein cores of proteoglycan monomers attach to hyaluronic acid,
proteoglycan _____ are formed.
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6.
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Proteoglycans trap large quantities of _____, which gives them the capacity to
return to their original shape when compressed.
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Matrix with Fibers as the Primary
Feature
Part A a. | Dense | d. | Loose (areolar) | b. | Fibroblasts | e. | Macrophages | c. | Fibrocytes |
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7.
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Fibrous connective tissue in which protein fibers form a lacy network with
numerous fluid-filled spaces.
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8.
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Fibrous connective tissue in which protein fibers fill nearly all the
extracellular space.
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9.
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Cells that produce the fibers of connective tissue.
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10.
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Fibroblasts that are completely surrounded by matrix.
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11.
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Cells that engulf bacteria and cell debris within connective tissue.
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Matrix with Fibers as the Primary
Feature
Part B a. | Dense irregular | b. | Dense
regular |
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12.
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Dense connective tissue that contains protein fibers predominantly oriented in
the same direction; strong in one direction.
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13.
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Dense connective tissue that contains protein fibers that can be arranged as a
network of randomly oriented fibers; strong in many directions.
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Matrix with Fibers as the Primary
Feature
Part C a. | Dense irregular collagenous | c. | Dense regular
collagenous | b. | Dense irregular elastic | d. | Dense regular elastic |
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14.
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Connective tissue found in tendons and ligaments; collagen fibers oriented in
the same direction.
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15.
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Connective tissue found in special ligaments such as the nuchal ligament;
elastin fibers oriented in the same direction.
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16.
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Connective tissue with randomly oriented collagen fibers; found in the skin
(dermis).
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17.
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Connective tissue with randomly oriented fibers of elastin; found in walls of
large arteries.
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Matrix with Fibers as the Primary
Feature
Part D a. | Adipose tissue | d. | Reticular
tissue | b. | Red bone marrow | e. | Yellow bone marrow | c. | Reticular cells |
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18.
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Consists of adipocytes (fat cells), which contain large amounts of lipids and
can be either brown or yellow (white) in color.
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19.
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Forms the framework of lymphatic tissue, bone marrow, and the liver.
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20.
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Cells that produce reticular fibers.
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21.
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Found in bone; contains adipose tissue.
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22.
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Hemopoietic tissue surrounded by reticular fibers.
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Matrix with Protein Fibers and Ground
Substance
Part A a. | Chondrocytes | d. | Hyaline
cartilage | b. | Elastic cartilage | e. | Lacunae | c. | Fibrocartilage | f. | Perichondrium |
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23.
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Cartilage cells.
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24.
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Spaces in which cartilage cells are located.
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25.
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Dense irregular connective tissue on the surface of cartilage.
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26.
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Very smooth tissue with a glassy, translucent matrix. It is found in the rib
cage and rings of bronchi and trachea.
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27.
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Cartilage with thick bundles of collagen dispersed through the matrix. Found in
areas that must withstand a great deal of pressure, such as the knee.
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Matrix with Protein Fibers and Ground
Substance
Part B a. | Cancellous (spongy) bone | d. | Lacunae | b. | Compact
bone | e. | Osteocytes | c. | Hydroxyapatite | f. | Trabeculae |
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28.
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Complex salt crystal; the mineral (inorganic) portion of bone.
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29.
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Bone cells.
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30.
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Spaces occupied by bone cells.
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31.
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Plates of bone with spaces between them.
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32.
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Essentially solid bone, with almost no space between lamina.
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Identification of Connective
Tissue
 a. | Adipose | f. | Fat
droplet | b. | Bone | g. | Fibroblast | c. | Cartilage | h. | Lacuna | d. | Chondrocyte | i. | Osteocyte | e. | Dense regular connective
tissue |
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33.
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1; see picture
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34.
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2
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35.
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3
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36.
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4
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37.
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5
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38.
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6
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39.
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7
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40.
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8
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41.
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9
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Muscle
Tissue
Part A a. | Cardiac | c. | Smooth | b. | Skeletal |
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42.
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Striated, voluntary muscle cells.
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43.
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Striated, involuntary muscle cells.
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44.
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Nonstriated, involuntary muscle cells.
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Muscle
Tissue
Part B
 a. | Cardiac muscle | c. | Skeletal
muscle | b. | Intercalated disk | d. | Smooth muscle |
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45.
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1; see picture
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46.
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2
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47.
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3
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48.
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4
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Nervous Tissue a. | Action potentials | e. | Dendrite | b. | Axon | f. | Multipolar | c. | Bipolar | g. | Neuroglia | d. | Cell body | h. | Unipolar |
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49.
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Electric signals conducted by nerve cells.
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50.
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Part of a neuron that contains the nucleus.
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51.
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Nerve cell process that usually receives electric signals and conducts them
toward the cell body.
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52.
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Nerve cell process that conducts action potentials away from the cell
body.
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53.
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Neuron with several dendrites and one axon.
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54.
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Neuron with one dendrite and one axon.
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55.
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Neuron with one axon and no dendrites.
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56.
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Support cells of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves that nourish,
protect, and insulate neurons.
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Embryonic Tissue a. | Ectoderm | d. | Mesoderm | b. | Endoderm | e. | Neural crest cells | c. | Mesenchyme | f. | Neuroectoderm |
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57.
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Inner germ layer; forms the lining of the digestive tract and its
derivations.
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58.
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Middle germ layer; forms tissues such as muscle, blood vessels, and
bone.
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59.
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Outer germ layer; forms skin.
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60.
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Becomes the nervous system.
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61.
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Groups of cells that break away from neuroectoderm; becomeperipheral nerves,
skin pigment, and many tissues of the face.
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62.
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Embryonic tissue from which connective tissues arise; formed from mesoderm and
neural crest cells.
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Membranes
Part A a. | Mucous membranes | c. | Synovial
membranes | b. | Serous membranes |
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63.
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Consists of epithelial cells and their basement membrane, which rests on a
thick layer of loose connective tissue called the lamina propria; line cavities that open to the
outside of the body.
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64.
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Consists of simple squamous epithelium (mesothelium), its basement membrane,
and a delicate layer of loose connective tissue; line cavities that do not open to the
exterior.
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65.
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Modified connective tissue cells associated with the dense connective tissue of
the joint capsule.
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Membranes
Part B a. | Mucus | c. | Synovial fluid | b. | Serous
fluid |
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66.
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Fluid that lubricates serous membranes.
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67.
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Viscous substance produced by goblet cells or multicellular glands.
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68.
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Fluid rich in hyaluronic acid; lubricates freely movable joints.
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Inflammation a. | Coagulation | d. | Mediators of inflammation | b. | Disturbance of
function | e. | Pain | c. | Edema | f. | Vasodilation |
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69.
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Chemical substances that are released or activated in tissues and adjacent
blood vessels after a person is injured.
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70.
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Expansion of blood vessels, which produces symptoms of redness and
heat.
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71.
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Swelling of a tissue because of fluid accumulation.
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72.
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Clotting of blood and other proteins, which “walls off” the site of
injury from the rest of the body.
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73.
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Result of edema and some mediators stimulating nerves.
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74.
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Result of pain, limitation of movement resulting from edema, and tissue
destruction.
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Tissue
Repair
Part A a. | Labile | d. | Replacement | b. | Permanent | e. | Scar | c. | Regeneration | f. | Stable |
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75.
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In _____, the new cells are of the same type as those that were
destroyed,
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76.
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whereas in _____, a new type of tissue develops that eventually causes
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77.
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_____ production and the loss of some tissue function.
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78.
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_____ cells can continue to divide throughout life. Damage to these cells can
be completely repaired by regeneration.
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79.
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_____ cells do not actively replicate after growth ceases, but they do retain
the ability to divide if necessary and are capable of regeneration.
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80.
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_____ cells have a very limited ability to replicate, and, if killed, they are
replaced by a different type of cell.
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Tissue
Repair
Part B a. | Fibrin | f. | Scab | b. | Granulation
tissue | g. | Scar | c. | Phagocytic | h. | Secondary union | d. | Primary
union | i. | Wound
contraction | e. | Pus |
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81.
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If the edges of a wound are close together such as in a surgical incision, the
wound heals by a process called _____. The wound fills with blood and a clot forms.
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82.
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The clot is filled with a threadlike protein, _____,
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83.
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and the surface of the clot dries to form a _____.
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84.
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Some of the white blood cells that move into the damaged tissue are _____ cells
called neutrophils.
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85.
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As these cells ingest bacteria and tissue debris, they may be killed and
accumulate as a mixture of dead cells and a fluid called _____.
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86.
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Eventually the clot is replaced by _____, which consists of fibroblasts,
collagen, and capillaries.
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87.
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A large amount of granulation tissue sometimes persists as a _____.
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88.
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If the edges of the wound are not close together or if there has been extensive
loss of tissue, the process is called _____.
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89.
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In this process, wound regeneration takes longer, _____ occurs when fibroblasts
in the granulation tissue contract, and disfiguring and debilitating scars may result.
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