AP Bio Ch. 3 Study Guide
Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Interactive Question 3.4 A
How many grams of lactic acid
(C3H6O3) are in liter of a .5 M solution of lactic acid?
(12C, 1H, 16O)
a. | 45 g | d. | 29 g | b. | 90 g | e. | 6.02 x 1023 | c. | 12
g | f. | 6
g |
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2.
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Interactive Question 3.4 B
How many molecules of lactic acid are in
the solution in A?
a. | 90 | d. | 45 | b. | 6.02 x 1023 | e. | 6 | c. | 3.01 x
1023 | f. | 12 |
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Matching
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Interactive Question 3.2 a. | released | f. | polar water
molecules | b. | evaporative cooling | g. | rain | c. | absorbed | h. | heat of vaporization | d. | solar
heat | i. | specific
heat | e. | ice forms |
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3.
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A
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4.
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B
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5.
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C
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6.
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D
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7.
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E
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8.
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F
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9.
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G
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10.
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H
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11.
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I
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Interactive Question 3.3 a. | hydrophilic | d. | polar covalent
bonds | b. | hydrophobic | e. | nonpolar covalent bonds | c. | ionic bonds | f. | mostly nonpolar |
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12.
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olive oil -
hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
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13.
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sugar
- hydrophilic or
hydrophobic?
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14.
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salt
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hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
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15.
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candle wax - hydrophilic or hydrophobic?
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16.
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olive
oil bond?
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17.
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sugar
bond?
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18.
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salt
bond?
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19.
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candle wax bond?
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Interactive Question 3.5 a. | 10-1 | n. | 10-14 | b. | 10-2 | o. | 1 | c. | 10-3 | p. | 3 | d. | 10-4 | q. | 5 | e. | 10-5 | r. | 6 | f. | 10-6 | s. | 7 | g. | 10-7 | t. | 8 | h. | 10-8 | u. | 11 | i. | 10-9 | v. | 13 | j. | 10-10 | w. | 14 | k. | 10-11 | x. | acidic | l. | 10-12 | y. | neutral | m. | 10-13 | z. | basic or alkaline |
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20.
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A
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21.
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B
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22.
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C
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23.
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D
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24.
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E
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25.
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F
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26.
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G
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27.
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H
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28.
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I
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29.
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J
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30.
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K
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Interactive Question 3.6 First Part a. | hydrogen ion | d. | H+ donor | b. | bicarbonate ion | e. | H+ acceptor | c. | carbonic
acid |
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31.
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H2CO3
name
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32.
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HCO3-
name
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33.
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H+
name
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34.
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H2CO3
H+ donor or
acceptor
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35.
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HCO3-
H+ donor or acceptor
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Interactive Question 3.6 Second
Part H2CO3
<---> HCO3- + H+ a. | the reaction moves to the
left | b. | the reaction moves to the right | c. | When the pH rises, H+ ions are donated by
carbonic acid | d. | Bicarbonate acts as a base to accept excess H+ ions when the pH starts to
fall |
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36.
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when the pH of a solution begins to
fall? right or left? (A or B)
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37.
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when the pH rises above normal
level? right or left? (A or B)
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38.
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when the pH of a solution begins to
fall? explanation? (C or D)
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39.
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when the pH rises above normal
level? explanation? (C or D)
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Interactive Question 3.7 a. | CO2 +
H2O <--> H2CO3 <-->
HCO3- + H+ | b. | CO32- +
Ca2+ <--> CaCO3 | c. | HCO3- <--> CO32- +
H+ | d. | increasing carbon dioxide will drive these reactions to the right, increasing
H+ | e. | With less CO32- available to react with Ca2+,
calcification rates would be expected to decrease | f. | Increasing H+ will drive this reaction to the
left, thus decreasing CO32- |
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40.
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Use a formula to explain why increasing CO2 in water leads to a
lower pH. formula A-C
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41.
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Use a formula to explain how a lower pH would affect the
CO32- in the ocean. formula A-C
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42.
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Assuming a fairly constant Ca2+ in the ocean, how would a change in
CO32- affect the calcification rate - the production of calcium carbonate
CaCO3 by the coral reef in a reef ecosystem. formula A-C
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43.
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Use a formula to explain why increasing CO2 in water leads to a
lower pH. D-F
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44.
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Use a formula to explain how a lower pH would affect the
CO32- in the ocean. D-F
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45.
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Assuming a fairly constant Ca2+ in the ocean, how would a change in
CO32- affect the calcification rate - the production of calcium carbonate
CaCO3 by the coral reef in a reef ecosystem. D-F
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Structure Your Knowledge #1 a. | evaporative
cooling | b. | heat is absorbed or released when hydrogen bonds break or form; water absorbs or
releases a large quantity of heat for each degree of temperature change | c. | cohesion;
adhesion | d. | versatile solvent | e. | solar heat is dissipated from tropical seas
| f. | a water column is pulled up through a plant | g. | floating ice
insulates bodies of water so they don’t freeze solid | h. | high heat of
vaporization | i. | evaporation of water cools surfaces of plants and animals | j. | polar water
molecules surround and dissolve ionic and polar solutes | k. | hydrogen bonds in
ice space water water molecules farther apart, making ice less dense |
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46.
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A
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47.
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B
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48.
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C
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49.
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D
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50.
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E
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51.
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F
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52.
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G
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53.
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H
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54.
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I
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55.
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J
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56.
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K
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