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AP Bio Ch. 22-25       Test #2

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
An individual can evolve over time.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 2. 
What is the idea behind a human arm, a cat arm, a whale fin, and bat wing all having the same bone structure?
a.
homology
c.
sexual dimorphism
b.
analogy
d.
vestigial
 

 3. 
Which is the best scientific evidence to support the following idea?
Bacteria are becoming drug resistant.
a.
fossil record
b.
homology
c.
biogeography
d.
direct observation
 

 4. 
What makes evolution possible?
a.
average heterozygosity
c.
genetic variation
b.
amount of offspring produced
d.
geographic variation
 

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
 

 5. 
Check the ideas Darwin used to form his Theory.
 a.
Individuals in a population vary in their heritable characteristics.
 b.
Individuals in a population hardly vary in their heritable characteristics.
 c.
Organisms produce more offspring than the environment can support.
 d.
Organisms produce the ideal amount of offspring than the environment can support.
 e.
The Earth is relatively young and geological processes happen quickly.
 f.
The Earth is very old and geological processes have always occured at the same rate.
 g.
Individuals that are well suited to their environment tend to reproduce more offspring.
 h.
Individuals that are the strongest in their environment tend to reproduce more offspring.
 

 6. 
Check the ideas Darwin used to form his Theory.
 a.
Over time, favorable traits accumulate in the population governed by the environment.
 b.
Over time, traits accumulate by chance in the population governed by parental choice.
 c.
Fossils have rarely changed through time.
 d.
Fossils have changed greatly over time.
 e.
Animals and plants are uniquely adapted to their environment over time.
 f.
Living animals and plants can adapt to their environment.
 g.
If the environment changes or individuals move into a new environment, a new species could develop.
 h.
If the environment changes or individuals move into a new environment, living species will always go extinct.
 

 7. 
Check all of the ideas that support evolution.
 a.
direct observation of evolutionary change; introduced species and drug resistant bacteria
 b.
analyzing homologous structures in organisms showing common ancestry
 c.
the fossil record showing a change through time
 d.
the geographic distribution of species and Pangea
 

 8. 
Check all that are true.
 a.
Genetic drift is significant in large populations.
 b.
Genetic drift is significant in small populations.
 c.
Genetic drift can cause allele frequencies to change at random.
 d.
Genetic drift can cause allele frequencies to stabilize over time.
 e.
Genetic drift can lead to a loss of genetic variation within populations.
 f.
Genetic drift can lead to an increase of genetic variation within populations.
 g.
Genetic drift can cause harmful alleles to become reduced.
 h.
Genetic drift can cause harmful alleles to become fixed.
 

 9. 
Check the following that are true on why natural selection cannot fashion perfect organisms.
 a.
Selection can act only on previous variations.
 b.
Selection can act only on existing variations.
 c.
Evolution is not limited by historical constraints.
 d.
Evolution is limited by historical constraints.
 e.
Adaptations are often compromises of body designs.
 f.
Adaptations are the best body designs.
 g.
Chance, natural selection, and the environment interact.
 h.
Chance, natural selection, and the environment never interact.
 

Completion
Complete each statement using the following word bank.
adaptations            analogous            artificial selection             biogeography        convergent evolution           endemic           homology         natural selection          pangea           population         strata           variation          vestigial
 

 10. 
Inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments. ___________________
 

 

 11. 
A process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits. ________________
 

 

 12. 
A process where humans selectively breed plants and animals to modify their traits that they desire. ________________________
 

 

 13. 
Differences between members of the same species. ___________________
 

 

 14. 
Individuals do not evolve. It is the ________________ that evolves over time.
 

 

 15. 
New sediment that covers up old sediment and compresses them into superimposed layers of rock. _______________
 

 

 16. 
Similarity of features resulting from common ancestry (but not necessarily similar function) is called ____________________.
 

 

 17. 
Remnants of features that served a function in the organism’s ancestors. ______________
 

 

 18. 
The independent evolution of similar features in different lineages. (in different places)
 

 

 19. 
Features that share a similar function but not common ancestry.____________________
 

 

 20. 
A giant land mass of all the Earth’s continents.
 

 

 21. 
__________________ is the geographic distribution of species.
 

 

 22. 
If organisms are only found in one particular location, the organisms are said to be ____________ to that area.
 

 

 23. 
Observation #1 Members of a population often _________ (4 letters)
 

 

 24. 
Observation #1 in their inherited ___________________. (6 letters)
 

 

 25. 
Observation #2 All species can produce more ______________ (9 letters)
 

 

 26. 
Obervation #2 than the environment can _______________ (7 letters)
 

 

 27. 
Observation #2 and many of these offspring fail to ________________________. (19 letters)
 

 

 28. 
Inference #1 Individuals whose inherited traits give them a higher probability of _______________________
 

 

 29. 
Inference #1  in a given environment tend to leave more _________________ than other individuals.
 

 

 30. 
Inference #2  This unequal ability of individuals to ________________________
 

 

 31. 
Inference #2  will lead to the accumulation of favorable _____________ in the population over generations.
 

 

 32. 
A source of genetic variation: Formation of new _____________.(7 letters)
 

 

 33. 
A source of genetic variation: Altering  __________(4 letters) number or position.
 

 

 34. 
A source of genetic variation: Rapid ________________. (12 letters)
 

 

 35. 
A source of genetic variation: ______________ reproduction. (6 letters)
 

 

Matching
 
 
Scientists Shoutouts
a.
Charles Darwin
f.
Charles Lyell
b.
Aristotle
g.
James Hutton
c.
Carolus Linnaeus
h.
Erasmus Darwin
d.
Georges Cuvier
i.
Thomas Malthus
e.
Jean Baptiste de Lamarck
 

 36. 

 believed in uniformitarianism in which mechanisms of change are constant over time and are still happening today
 

 37. 

 thought the species were fixed, thought organisms were perfect and permanently arranged on a scale or ladder of increasing complexity; scala naturae
 

 38. 

 believed use and disuse - the idea that used body parts become larger and stronger while nonused parts deteriorate; believed inheritance of acquired characteristics in that parents can pass on modifications to their offspring; also thought organisms have an innate drive to become more complex
 

 39. 

 proposed that life evolves as environments change
 

 40. 

 came up with the binomial system of classifying organisms; KPCOFGS
 

 41. 

 studied fossils (paleontology) located in different strata; advocated catastophism to explain why fossils changed over time
 

 42. 

 proposed that Earth’s geological features could be explained by gradual mechanisms still operating today
 

 43. 

 disease, famine, and war was an inescapable consequence of human overpopulation
 

 44. 

 came up with descent with modification by the process of natural selection
 
 
Hardy-Weinberg Conditions
a.
large
d.
mutations
b.
natural
e.
random
c.
gene
 

 45. 

 No ______________.
 

 46. 

 ________________ mating.
 

 47. 

 No _____________ selection.
 

 48. 

 Extremely ____________ population size.
 

 49. 

 No _________ flow.
 
 
Definitions
a.
gene pool
d.
genetic variation
b.
population
e.
average heterozygosity
c.
cline
f.
geographic variation
 

 50. 

 a grroup of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring
 

 51. 

 the average percentage of loci that are heterozygous
 

 52. 

 a graded change in a character along geographic axis
 

 53. 

 differences in the genetic composition of separate populations
 

 54. 

 all the copies of every type of allele at every locus in all members of the population
 

 55. 

 differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments
 
 
Definitions
a.
genetic drift  (used only once)
c.
bottleneck effect
b.
founder effect
d.
gene flow
 

 56. 

 chance events that cause allele frequencies to fluctuate unpredictably from one generation to the next, especially in small populations
 

 57. 

 the transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes
 

 58. 

 when a few individuals become isolated from a larger population, this smaller group may establish a new population whose gene pool differs from the source population
 

 59. 

 a sudden change in the environment that drastically reduces the size of a population
 

 60. 

 immigration and emigration are an example
 

 61. 

 cheetahs and Illinois prarie chickens are an example
 

 62. 

 the Amish in Lancaster Co. Pennslvania is an example
 
 
Definitions
a.
relative fitness
c.
disruptive selection
b.
directional selection
d.
stabilizing selection
 

 63. 

 the environment selects against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants
 

 64. 

 the environment selects against intermediate variants and favors extreme phenotypes
 

 65. 

 the environment selects against one extreme of a phenotypic range
 

 66. 

 the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation relative to the the contributions of other individuals
 
 
Definitions
a.
sexual selection
c.
intrasexual selection
b.
sexual dimorphism
d.
intersexual selection
 

 67. 

 individuals compete directly for mates of the opposite sex; fighting
 

 68. 

 individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other other individuals to obtain mates
 

 69. 

 differences between the two sexes in secondary sexual characteristics
 

 70. 

 individuals of one sex are choosy in selecting theri mates from the opposite sex; how they look or behave
 
 
The preservation of genetic variation
a.
diploidy
b.
heterozygous advantage
c.
frequency-dependent selection
 

 71. 

 individuals that are heterozygous for a trait are more likely to survive from selection
 

 72. 

 the fitness of a phenotype depends on how common it is in the population
 

 73. 

 information in the form of recessive alleles is hidden from selection
 



 
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