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Ap Bio Ch. 2 Study Guide Test Your Knowledge

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Each element has its own characteristic atom in which
a.
the atomic mass is constant
b.
the atomic number is constant
c.
the mass number is constant
d.
two of the above are correct
e.
all of the above are correct
 

 2. 
Which of the following is not a trace element in the human body?
a.
iodine
b.
zinc
c.
iron
d.
calcium
e.
flourine
 

 3. 
A sodium ion (Na+) contains 10 electrons, 11 protons, and 12 neutrons. What is the atomic number of sodium?
a.
10
b.
11
c.
12
d.
23
e.
33
 

 4. 
Radioactive isotopes can be used in studies of metabolic pathways because
a.
.
b.
.
c.
.
d.
.
e.
.
 

 5. 
Which of the following atomic numbers would describe the element that is least reactive?
a.
1
b.
8
c.
12
d.
16
e.
18
 

 6. 
How many electrons does phosphorous have in its valence shell?
a.
3
b.
5
c.
7
d.
15
e.
16
 

 7. 
What is the atomic mass of phosphorous?
a.
15
b.
16
c.
31
d.
46
e.
62
 

 8. 
A radioactive isotope of carbon has the atomic mass number 14. How many neutrons does this isotope have?
a.
2
b.
6
c.
8
d.
12
e.
14
 

 9. 
How many covalent bonds is a sulfer atom most likely to form?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
5
 

 10. 
Based on electron configuration, which of the following elements would have chemical behavior most like that of oxygen?
a.
C
b.
H
c.
N
d.
P
e.
S
 

 11. 
How many of the elements listed on the previous page are found next to each other (side by side) on the periodic table?
a.
one group of two
b.
two groups of two
c.
one group of two and one group of three
d.
one group of three
e.
all of them
 

 12. 
Which of the following describes what happens as a chlorophyll pigment absorbs energy from sunlight
a.
An electron moves to a higher electron shell and the electron’s potential energy increases
b.
An electron moves to a higher electron shell and its potential energy decreases
c.
An electron drops to a lower electron shell and releases its energy as heat
d.
An electron drops to a lower electron shell and its potential energy increases
e.
An electron of sunlight is transferred to chlorophyll, producing a chlorophyll ion with higher potential energy
 

 13. 
How are the electrons of an oxygen atom arranged?
a.
eight in the second electron shell, creating an inert element
b.
two in the first electron shell and six in the second, creating a valence of six
c.
two in the 1s orbital and two each in the three 2p orbitals, creating a valence of two
d.
two in the 1 s orbital, one each in the 2s and three 2p orbitals, and two in the 3s orbital, creating a valence of two
e.
two in the 1s orbital, two in both the 2s and 2px orbitals, and one each in the 2py and 2pz orbitals, creating a valence of two
 

 14. 
A covalent bond between two atoms is likely to be nonpolar if
a.
one of the atoms is much more electronegative than the other
b.
the two atoms are about equally electronegative
c.
the two atoms are of the same element
d.
one atom is an anion and the other is a cation
e.
Both b and c are correct
 

 15. 
A triple covalent bond would
a.
be very polar
b.
involve the bonding of three atoms
c.
involve the bonding of six atoms
d.
produce a triangularly shaped molecule
e.
involve the sharing of six electrons
 

 16. 
A cation
a.
has gained an electron
b.
can easily form hydrogen bonds
c.
is more likely to form in an atom with seven electrons in its valence shell
d.
has a positive charge
e.
both c and d are correct
 

 17. 
Picture
a.
nonpolar covalent bond
b.
polar covalent bond
c.
ionic bond
d.
hydrogen bond
e.
cannot determine without more information
 

 18. 
Picture
a.
nonpolar covalent bond
b.
polar covalent bond
c.
ionic bond
d.
hydrogen bond
e.
cannot determine without more information
 

 19. 
Picture
a.
nonpolar covalent bond
b.
polar covalent bond
c.
ionic bond
d.
hydrogen bond
e.
cannot determine without more information
 

 20. 
In what type of bond would you expect potassium 39 to participate?
a.
ionic; it would lose one electron and carry a positive charge
b.
ionic; it would gain one electron and carry a negative charge
c.
covalent; it would share one electron and make one covalent bond
d.
covalent; it would share two electrons and form two bonds
e.
none; potassium is an inert element
 

 21. 
Which of the following may form between any closely aligned molecules?
a.
nonpolar covalent bonds
b.
polar covalent bonds
c.
ionic bonds
d.
hydrogen bonds
e.
van der Waals interactions
 

 22. 
What is the molecular shape of methane (CH4)?
a.
planer or flat, with the four H around the carbon
b.
pentagonal, or a flat five-sided arrangement
c.
tetrahedral, due to the hybridization of the s and three p orbitals of carbon
d.
circular, with the four H attached in a ring around the carbon
e.
linear, since all the bonds are nonpolar covalent bonds
 

 23. 
The ability of morphine to mimic the effects of the body’s endorphins is due to
a.
a chemical equalibrium developing between morphine and endorphins
b.
the one-way conversion of morphine into endorphin
c.
molecular shape similarities that allow morphine to bind to endorphin receptors
d.
the similarities between morphine and heroin
e.
hydrogen bonding and other weak bonds forming between morphine and endorphins
 

 24. 
Which of the following molecules would you predict is capable of forming hydrogen bonds?
a.
CH4
b.
CH4O
c.
NaCl
d.
H2
e.
a, b, and d can form hydrogen bonds
 

 25. 
Chlorine has an atomic number of 17 and a mass number of 35. How many electrons would a chloride ion have?
a.
16
b.
17
c.
18
d.
33
e.
34
 

 26. 
Taking into account the bonding capacities or valences of carbon (C) and oxygen (O), how many hydrogen (H) must be added to complete the following structural diagram of this molecule?
a.
9
b.
10
c.
11
d.
12
e.
13
 

 27. 
What is the difference between a molecule and a compound?
a.
There is no difference; the terms are interchangeable
b.
Molecules contain atoms of a single element, whereas compounds contain two or more elements
c.
A molecule consists of two or more covalently bonded atoms; a compound contains two or more atoms held by ionic bonds
d.
A compound consists of two or more elements in a fixed ratio; a molecule has two or more covalently bonded atoms of the same or different elements
e.
Compounds always consist of molecules, but molecules are not always compounds
 

 28. 
In a reaction in chemical equalibrium,
a.
the forward and reverse reactions are occuring at the same rate
b.
the reactants and products are in equal concentration
c.
the forward reaction has gone further than the reverse reaction
d.
there are equal numbers of atoms on both sides of the equation
e.
a, b, and d are correct
 

 29. 
What would be the probable effect of adding more product to a reaction that is in equalibrium?
a.
There would be no change because the reaction is in equalibrium
b.
The reaction would stop because excess product is present
c.
The reaction would slow down but still continue
d.
The forward reaction would increase and more product would be formed
e.
The reverse reaction would increase and more reactants would be formed
 

 30. 
What coeffecients must be placed in the blanks to balance the following chemical reaction?
a.
5; 5; 5
b.
6; 5; 6
c.
6; 6; 6
d.
8; 4; 6
e.
8; 5; 6
 



 
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