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AP Bio Ch. 3 Study Guide Test Your Knowledge

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Each water molecule is capable of forming
a.
one hydrogen bond
b.
three hydrogen bonds
c.
four hydrogen bonds
d.
two covalent bonds and two hydrogen bonds
e.
four polar covalent bonds
 

 2. 
The polar covalent bonds of water molecules
a.
promote the formation of hydrogen bonds
b.
help water to dissolve nonpolar solutes
c.
lower the heat of vaporization and lead to evaporative cooling
d.
create a crystalline structure in liquid water
e.
do all of the above
 

 3. 
What accounts for the movement of water up the vessels of a tall tree?
a.
cohesion
b.
hydrogen bonding
c.
adhesion
d.
hydrophilic cell walls
e.
all of the above
 

 4. 
Climates tend to be moderate near large bodies of water because
a.
a large amount of solar heat is absorbed during the gradual rise in temperature of the water
b.
water releases heat to the environment as it cools
c.
the high specific heat of water helps to moderate air temperatures
d.
a great deal of heat is absorbed and released as hydrogen bonds break or form
e.
all of the above are true
 

 5. 
Temperature is a measure of
a.
specific heat
b.
average kinetic energy of molecules
c.
total kinetic energy of molecules
d.
Celsius degrees
e.
joules
 

 6. 
You have three flasks containing 100 mL of different liquids. Each is warmed with 100 calories of heat. The temperature of the liquid in flask 1 rises 1 degree C; in flask 2 it rises 1.5 degrees C; and in flask 3 it rises 2 degrees C. Which of these liquids has the highest specific heat?
a.
the liquid in flask 1
b.
the liquid in flask 2
c.
the liquid in flask 3
d.
You cannot tell unless you know what liquid is in each flask
e.
This type of experiment does not relate to the specific heat heat of a substance
 

 7. 
A burn from steam at 100 degrees C is more severe than a burn from boiling water because
a.
the steam is hotter than boiling water
b.
steam releases a great deal of heat as it condenses on the skin
c.
steam has a higher heat of vapoizatioon than does water
d.
a person is more likely to come in contact with steam than with boiling water
e.
steam stays on the skin longer than does boiling water
 

 8. 
Evaporative cooling is a result of
a.
a low heat of vaporization
b.
the release of heat during the breaking of hydrogen bonds when water molecules escape
c.
the absorption of heat as hydrogen bonds break
d.
the reduction in the average kinetic energy of a liquid after energetic water molecules enter the gaseous state
e.
both c and d
 

 9. 
Ice floats because
a.
air is trapped in the crystalline lattice
b.
the formation of hydrogen bonds releases heat; warmer objects float
c.
it has a smaller surface area than liquid water
d.
it insulates bodies of water so they do not freeze from the bottom up
e.
hydrogen bonding spaces the molecules farther apart, creating a less dense structure
 

 10. 
Why is water such an excellent solvent?
a.
As a polar molecule, it can surround and dissolve ionic and polar molecules
b.
It forms ionic bonds with ions, hydrogen bonds with polar molecules, and hydrophobic interactions with nonpolar molecules
c.
It forms hydrogen bonds with itself
d.
It has a high specific heat and a high heat of vaporization
e.
It is liquid and has a high surface tension
 

 11. 
Which of the following, when mixed with water, would form a colloid?
a.
a large hydrophobic protein
b.
a large hydrophilic protein
c.
sugar
d.
cotton
e.
NaCl
 

 12. 
A hydration shell is likely to form around
a.
an ion
b.
a fat
c.
a sugar
d.
both a and c
e.
both b and c
 

 13. 
Which of the following are least soluble in water?
a.
polar molecules
b.
nonpolar molecules
c.
ionic compounds
d.
hydrophilic molecules
e.
anions
 

 14. 
The molarity of a solution is equal to
a.
Avogadros number of molecules in a liter of solvent
b.
the number of moles of a solute in 1 liter of solution
c.
the molecular mass of a solute in 1 liter of solution
d.
the number of solute molecules in 1 liter of solvent
e.
342 g if the solute is sucrose
 

 15. 
Which of the following substances would you add to enough water to yield 1 liter of solution in order to make a .1M solution of glucose (C6H12O6)? The mass numbers for these elements are approximately C = 12, O = 16, and H = 1.
a.
6 g C, 12 g H, and 6 g O
b.
72 g C, 12 g H, and 96 g O
c.
18 g of glucose
d.
29 g of glucose
e.
180 g of glucose
 

 16. 
How many molecules of glucose would be in a liter of the .1 M solution made in question 15?
a.
.1
b.
6
c.
60
d.
6 x 1023
e.
6 x 1022
 

 17. 
Adding a base to a solution would
a.
raise the pH
b.
lower the pH
c.
decrease H+
d.
do both a and c
e.
do both b and c
 

 18. 
Some archae are able to live in lakes with pH values of 11. How does pH 11 compare with the pH 7 typical of your body cells?
a.
It is four times more acidic than pH 7
b.
It is four times more basic than pH 7
c.
It is a thousand times more acidic than pH 7
d.
It is a thousand times more basic than pH 7
e.
It is ten thousand times more basic than pH 7
 

 19. 
A buffer
a.
releases excess OH-
b.
releases excess H+
c.
is often a weak acid-base pair
d.
always maintains a neutral pH
e.
Both c and d are correct
 

 20. 
Which of these liquids has the highest molar concentration of OH-?
a.
cola
b.
orange juice
c.
beer
d.
coffee
e.
human blood
 

 21. 
Comparing the H+ of orange juice and coffee, the H+ of
a.
orange juice is 10 times higher
b.
orange juice is 100 times higher
c.
orange juice is 1,000 times higher
d.
coffee is 2 times higher
e.
coffee is 100 times higher
 

 22. 
What is the concentration of hydroxide ions in 1 liter of beer?
a.
1.0 X 10-4
b.
1.0 X 10-10
c.
6.02 X 1023
d.
6.02 X 1019
e.
6.02 X 10-13
 

 23. 
Which would be the best method for reducing acid precipitation?
a.
Raise the height of smokestacks so that exhaust enters the upper atmosphere
b.
Add buffers and bases to bodies of water whose pH has dropped
c.
Use coal burning generators rather than nuclear power to produce electricity
d.
Tighten emission control standards for factories and automobiles
e.
Reduce the concentration of heavy metals in industrial exhaust
 

 24. 
In the past century, the average temperature of the oceans has increased by .74 degrees C. Is this evidence of global warming?
a.
No, the rise in temperature is too small to be significant
b.
No, global warming affects air temperature, not water temperature
c.
No, the change of average temperature does not reflect the quantity of heat in the oceans
d.
Yes, because of the high specific heat of water and the huge volume of water in the oceans, a small rise in temperature would relect a large amount of heat absorbed by the oceans
e.
Yes, the decreased rate of calcification is directly related to this temperature increase
 



 
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