AP Bio Ch. 5 Study Guide Test Your Knowledge
Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Polymerization (the formation of polymers) is a process that
a. | creates bonds between amino acids in the formation of a
polypeptide | b. | involves the removal of a water molecule | c. | links the sugar of
one nucleotide with the phosphate of the next | d. | involves a dehydration
reaction | e. | may involve all of the above |
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2.
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Which of the following statements is not true of a pentose?
a. | It can be found in nucleic acids | b. | It can occur in a ring
structure | c. | It has the formula C5H12O5 | d. | It has one carbonyl
and four hydroxyl groups | e. | It may be an aldose or a
ketose |
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3.
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Disaccharides can differ from each other in all of the following ways
except
a. | in the number of their monosaccharides | b. | in their structural
formulas | c. | in the monomers involved | d. | in the location of their glycosidic
linkage | e. | they can differ in all of these ways |
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4.
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Which of the following statements is not true of cellulose?
a. | It is the most abundant organic compound on Earth | b. | It differs from
starch because of the configuration of glucose and the geometry of the glycosidic
linkage | c. | It may be hydrogen-bonded to neighboring cellulose molecules to form
microfibrils | d. | Few organisms have enzymes that hydrolyze its glycosidic linkages | e. | Its monomers are
glucose with nitrogen-containing appendages |
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5.
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Plants store most of their energy for later use as
a. | unsaturated fats | b. | glycogen | c. | starch | d. | sucrose | e. | cellulose |
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6.
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Sucrose is made from joining a glucose molecule and a fructose molecule in a
dehydration reaction. What is the molecular formula for this disaccharide?
a. | C6H12O6 | b. | C10H20O10 | c. | C12H22O11 | d. | C12H24O12 | e. | C12H24013 |
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7.
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A cow can derive nutrients from cellulose because
a. | it can produce the enzymes that break the B linkages between glucose
molecules | b. | it chews and rechews its cud so that cellulose fibers are finally broken
down | c. | its rumen contains prokaryotes that can hydrolyze the bonds of
cellulose | d. | its intestinal tract contains termites, which harbor microbes that hydrolyze
cellulose | e. | it can convert cellulose to starch and then hydrolyze starch to
glucose |
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8.
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Which of the following substances is the major component of the cell membrane of
a fungus?
a. | cellulose | b. | chitin | c. | cholesterol | d. | phospholipids | e. | unsaturated fatty
acids |
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9.
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A fatty acid that has the formula C16H32O2
is
a. | saturated | b. | unsaturated | c. | branched | d. | hydrophilic | e. | part of a steroid
molecule |
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10.
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Three molecules of the fatty acid in question 9 are joined to a molecule of
glycerol (C3H8O3). The resulting molecule has the formula
a. | C48H96O6 | b. | C48H98O9 | c. | C51H102O8 | d. | C51H98O6 | e. | C51H104O9 |
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11.
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What are trans fats?
a. | hydrogenated fish oils that have been identified with health risks
| b. | fats made from cholesterol that are components of plaques in the walls of blood
vessels | c. | fats that are derived from animal sources and are associated with cardiovascular
disease | d. | fats that contain trans double bonds and may contribute to
atherosclerosis | e. | polyunsaturated fats produced by removing H from fatty acids and forming cis double
bonds |
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12.
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Which of the following molecules is the most hydrophobic?
a. | cholesterol | b. | nucleotide | c. | chitin | d. | phospholipid | e. | glucose |
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13.
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Which of the following molecules provides the most energy (kcal/g) when eaten
and digested?
a. | glucose | b. | starch | c. | glycogen | d. | fat | e. | protein |
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14.
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Which of the following is not one of the many functions performed by
proteins?
a. | acting as signals and receptors | b. | acting as an enzymatic catalyst for metabolic
reactions | c. | providing protection against disease | d. | serving as contractile components of
muscle | e. | forming primary structural component of membranes |
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15.
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What happens when a protein denatures?
a. | Its primary structure is disrupted | b. | Its secondary and tertiary structures are
disrupted | c. | It always flips inside out | d. | It hydrolyzes into component amino
acids | e. | Its hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, hydrophobic interactions, disulfide bridges, and
peptide bonds are disrupted |
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16.
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The alpha helix of proteins is
a. | part of the protein’s tertiary structure and is stabilized by disulfide
bridges | b. | a double helix | c. | stabilized by hydrogen bonds and is commonly
found in fibrous proteins | d. | found in some regions of globular proteins and
is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions | e. | a complementary sequence to messenger
RNA |
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17.
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Beta pleated sheets are characterized by
a. | disulfide bridges between cysteine amino acids | b. | parallel regions of
the polypeptide chain held together by hydrophobic interactions | c. | folds stabilized by
hydrogen bonds between segments of the polypeptide backbone | d. | membrane sheets
composed of phospholipds | e. | hydrogen bonds between adjacent cellulose
molecules |
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18.
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What is the best description of the following molecule?
a. | chitin | b. | amino acid | c. | tripeptide | d. | nucleotide | e. | protein |
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19.
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Which number(s) in the molecule in question 18 refer(s) to a peptide?
a. | 1 | b. | 2 | c. | 3 | d. | 4 | e. | both 2 and
4 |
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20.
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What determines the sequence of the amino acids in a particular protein?
a. | its primary structure | b. | the sequence of nucleotides in RNA, which was
determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the gene for that protein | c. | the sequence of
nucleotides in DNA, which was determined by the sequence of nucleotides in RNA | d. | the sequence of RNA
nucleotides making up the ribosome | e. | the three-dimensional shape of the
protein |
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21.
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Both hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions are important for which of the
following types of molecules
a. | proteins | b. | saturated fats | c. | glycogen and
cellulose | d. | polynucleotides | e. | all of the
above |
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22.
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How are nucleotide monomers connected to form a polynucleotide?
a. | by hydrogen bonds between complementary nitrogen base pairs | b. | by ionic attractions
between phosphate groups | c. | by disulfide bridges between
cysteines | d. | by covalent bonds between the sugar of one nucleotide and the phosphate of the
next | e. | by ester linkages between the carboxyl group of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group
on the ribose of the next |
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23.
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If the nucleotide sequence of one strand of a DNA helix is
5’GCCTAA3’, what would be the 3’ - 5’ sequence on the complementary strand?
a. | GCCTAA | b. | CGGAUU | c. | CGGATT | d. | ATTCGG | e. | TAAGCC |
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24.
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Monkeys and humans share many of the same DNA sequences and have similar
proteins, indicating that
a. | the two groups belong to the same species | b. | the two groups share
a relatively recent common ancestor | c. | humans evolved from monkeys | d. | monkeys evolved from
humans | e. | the two groups evolved about the same time |
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Matching
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Matching a. | carbohydrate | c. | protein | b. | lipid | d. | nucleic acid |
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25.
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glycogen
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26.
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cholesterol
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27.
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RNA
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28.
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collagen
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29.
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hemoglobin
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30.
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a gene
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31.
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triacylglycerol
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32.
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enzyme
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33.
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cellulose
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34.
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chitin
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