AP Bio Ch. 17 Study Guide

Name: ID:

Email:

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

Interactive question 17.7 _______ Does the statement answer the question?
A ribosome that is translating an mRNA that codes for a secretory or membrane protein will become bound to the ER when an initial signal peptide on the polypeptide is bound by an SRP (signal recognition particle), which then attaches to an ER receptor protein.

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

Interactive question 17.1

a.	RNA -> transcription -> DNA -> translation -> protein
b.	RNA -> translation -> DNA -> transcription -> protein
c.	Protein -> transcription -> RNA -> translation -> DNA
d.	Protein -> translation -> RNA -> transcription -> DNA
e.	DNA -> transcription -> RNA -> translation -> protein
f.	DNA -> translation -> RNA -> transcription -> protein
g.	RNA -> transcription -> Protein -> translation -> DNA
h.	RNA -> translation -> Protein -> transcription -> DNA

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.

Interactive question 17.4
Check all of the following ways in which the mRNA that leaves the nucleus differs from the pre-mRNA.

a.	spliceosomes have cut out the exons and spliced the introns together
b.	spliceosomes have cut out the introns and spliced the exons together
c.	a 5’ cap consisting of a modified guanione nucleotide is added to the 3’ UTR
d.	a 5’ cap consisting of a modified guanione nucleotide is added to the 5’ UTR
e.	a poly-A tail consisting of up to 250 adenine nucleotides is attached to the 3’ UTR
f.	a poly-A tail consisting of up to 250 adenine nucleotides is attached to the 5’ UTR

Structure Your Knowledge #1 Part 2
Check all that explains the functional versatility of RNA molecules?

a.	their ability to base pair with other RNA molecules
b.	their ability to base pair with other DNA molecules
c.	their ability to form specific three-dimensional shapes
d.	their ability to act as a catalyst
e.	their ability to function in the nucleus of eukaryotes
f.	their ability to use either strand in the RNA molecule
g.	their ability to base pair within itself

Completion
Complete each statement.

Interactive question 17.2
Enter the (6) codes for the amino acids. Use the following codes with one space inbetween.
Phe Ser Tyr Cys Leu stop Trp Pro His Arg Glu Iso Thr Asp Lys Met Val Ala Asp Gly

Matching

Interactive question 17.3
1-3 (first three) questions are name order.
4-6 (second three) questions are process order.

a.	elongation
b.	initiation
c.	termination

this is the first step in eukaryotic transcrpition

this is the second step in eukaryotic transcrpition

this is the third step in eukaryotic transcrpition

after polymerase transcribes past a polyadenylation signal signal sequence, the pre-mRNA is cut and released

10.

transcription factors bind to promoter and facilitate the binding of RNA polymerase II, forming a transcription initiation complex; RNA polymerase II seperates DNA strands at initiation site

11.

RNA polymerase II moves along DNA strand, connecting RNA nucleotides that have paired to the DNA template to the 3’ end of the growing RNA strand

Interactive question 17.5

a.	AAG	g.	TAC
b.	ATC	h.	UAC
c.	AUC	i.	UUC
d.	AUG	j.	lysine
e.	CCU	k.	proline
f.	GGA	l.	stop

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

Interactive question 17.6

a.	small subunit	i.	5’ end of mRNA
b.	E site	j.	aminoacyl tRNA
c.	P site	k.	A site
d.	free polypeptide	l.	release factor
e.	amino end of growing polypeptide	m.	codon recognition
f.	peptide bond formation	n.	peptide bond formation
g.	large subunit	o.	translocation
h.	stop codon	p.	termination

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

31.

32.

33.

34.

35.

36.

#1 Name m-p

37.

#2 Name m-p

38.

#3 Name m-p

39.

#4 Name m-p

40.

#1 Process m-p The empty tRNA in the P site is moved to the E site and released; the tRNA now holding the polypeptide is moved from the A to the P site, taking the mRNA with it; GTP is required.

41.

#2 Process m-p An elongation factor (not shown) helps an aminoacyl tRNA into the A site where its anticodon base-pairs to the mRNA codon; hydrolysis of GTP increases accuracy and efficiency.

42.

#3 Process m-p A release factor binds to stop codon in the A site. Free polypeptide is released from the P site and leaves through the exit tunnel. Ribosomal subunits and other assembly components seperate. GTP is required.

43.

#4 Process m-p Ribosome catalyzes peptide bond formation between new amino acid and polypeptide held in the P site.

Interactive question 17.8

a.	an insertion or deletion of one, two, or more than three nucleotides that disrupts the reading frame and creates extensive missense and nonsense mutations
b.	a nucleotide-pair substitution producing a codon that still codes for the same amino acid
c.	a nucleotide-pair substitution or frameshift mutation that results in a codon for a different amino acid
d.	a nucleotide-pair substitution or frameshift mutation that creates a stop codon and prematurely terminates translation

44.

silent mutation

45.

missense mutation

46.

nonsense mutation

47.

frameshift mutation

Structure Your Knowledge #1 Part 1

a.	messenger RNA (mRNA)	c.	ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
b.	transfer RNA (tRNA)	d.	small nuclear RNA

48.

makes up about two-thirds of a ribosome and has specific binding and catalytic functions

49.

carries the code from DNA that specifies an amino acid sequence to ribosomes, where the RNA’s sequence of nucleotides is translated into a polypeptide

50.

is part of spliceosomes and plays a catalytic role in splicing pre-mRNA

51.

carries a specific amino acid to its position in a polypeptide based on matching its anticodon to an mRNA codon

Structure Your Knowledge #2
a-h are answers to the transcription column i-p are the answers to the translation column

a.	transcription factors locate promoter region with TATA box and start point, polyadenylation signal sequence
b.	RNA processing: 5’ cap and poly-A tail, splicing of pre-mRNA-introns removed by snRNPs in spliceosomes
c.	nucleus (cytoplasm in prokaryotes)
d.	RNA polymerases, spliceosomes, (ribozymes)
e.	DNA
f.	ribonucleoside triphosphate
g.	primary transcript (pre mRNA)
h.	RNA nucleotides, DNA template strand, RNA polymerase, transcription factors
i.	spontaneous folding, disulfide bridges, signal peptide removed, cleaving, quaternarty structure, modification with sugars, etc.
j.	amino acids; tRNA; mRNA; ribosomes; ATP; GTP; enzymes; initiation, elongation, and release factors
k.	polypeptide
l.	cytoplasm; ribosomes can be free or attached to ER
m.	ATP and GTP
n.	aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase, ribosomal enzymes (ribozymes)
o.	RNA
p.	initiation fators, inititation sequence (AUG), stop codons, release factor

52.

A (transcription column)

53.

B (transcription column)

54.

C (transcription column)

55.

D (transcription column)

56.

E (transcription column)

57.

F (transcription column)

58.

G (transcription column)

59.

H (transcription column)

60.

I (translation column)

61.

J (translation column)

62.

K (translation column)

63.

L (translation column)

64.

M (translation column)

65.

N (translation column)

66.

O (translation column)

67.

P (translation column)

Structure Your Knowledge #3

a.	genetic code	c.	wobble phenomenon
b.	redundancy	d.	nearly universal genetic code

68.

Each codon codes for exactly the same amino acid in almost all organisms. (Some exceptions have been found.) This points to an early evolution of the code in the history of life and the evolutionary relationaships of all life on Earth.

69.

There are only about 45 different tRNA molecules that pair with the 61 possible codons (three codons are stop codons.) The third nucleotide of many tRNA’s can pair with more than one type of nucleotide. Because of redundancy of the genetic code, these tRNAs still place the correct amino acid in position.

70.

Several triplets may code for the same amino acid. Often these triplets differ only in the third nucleotide.

71.

Consists of the RNA triplets that code for amino acids. The order of nucleotides in these codons is specified by the sequence of nucleotides in DNA, which is transcribed into the codons found on mRNA and translated into their corresponding sequence of amino acids. There are 64 possible mRNA codons created from the four nucleotides used in the triplet code.