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AP Bio Ch. 17 Study Guide Test Your Knowledge

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
In their study of neurospora, Srb and Horowitz were able to identify three classes of mutants that needed arginine added to mineral media in order to grow. The production of arginine includes the following steps: precursor -->  ornithine --> citrulline --> arginine. What nutrient(s) have to be supplied to the mutants with a defective enzyme for the ornithine --> citrulline step in order for them to grow?
a.
the precursor
b.
ornithine
c.
citrulline
d.
either ornithine or citrulline
e.
the precursor, ornithine, and citrulline
 

 2. 
Transcription involves the transfer of information from
a.
DNA to RNA
b.
RNA to DNA
c.
mRNA to an amino acid sequence
d.
DNA to amino acid sequence
e.
the nucleus to the cytoplasm
 

 3. 
If the 5’ --> 3’ nucleotide sequence on the nontemplate DNA strand is CAT, what is the corresresponding codon on mRNA?
a.
UAC
d.
GTA
b.
CAU
e.
CAT
c.
GUA
 

 4. 
A bacterial gene 600 nucleotides long can code at most for a polypeptide of how many amino acids?
a.
100
d.
600
b.
200
e.
1,800
c.
300
 

 5. 
RNA polymerase
a.
is the protein responsible for for the productioin of ribonucleotides
b.
is the enzyme that creates hydrogen bonds between nucleotides on the DNA template strand and their complementary RNA nucleotides
c.
is the enzyme that transcribes exons but does not transcribe introns
d.
is a ribozyme composed of snRNPs
e.
moves along the template strand of DNA, elongating an RNA molecule in a 5’ --> 3’ direction
 

 6. 
How is the template strand for a particular gene determined?
a.
It is the DNA strand that runs from the 5’ --> 3’ direction
b.
It is the DNA strand that runs from the 3’ --> 5’ direction
c.
it is established by the promoter
d.
It doesn’t matter which strand is the template because they are complementary and will produce the same mRNA
e.
it is signaled by a polyadenylation signal sequence
 

 7. 
Which enzyme synthesizes tRNA?
a.
DNA polymerase
b.
RNA polymerase
c.
reverse transcriptase
d.
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
e.
ribosomal RNA
 

 8. 
Which of the following is not involved in the formation of a eukaryotic transcription initiation complex?
a.
TATA box
b.
transcription factors
c.
snRNA
d.
RNA polymerase II
e.
promoter
 

 9. 
Which of the following is true of RNA processing?
a.
Exons are excised before the mRNA is translated
b.
The RNA transcript that leaves the nucleus may be much longer that the original transcript
c.
Assemblies of protein and snRNPs, called spliceosomes, may catalyze splicing
d.
Large quantities of rRNA are assembled into ribosomes
e.
Signal peptides are added to the 5’ end of the transcript
 

 10. 
All of the following are transcribed from DNA except
a.
exons
b.
introns
c.
tRNA
d.
3’ and 5’ UTRs
e.
promoter
 

 11. 
What might introns have to do with the evolution of new proteins?
a.
The excised introns are transcribed and translated as new proteins by themselves
b.
Introns are more likely to accumulate mutations than exons, and these mutations then result in the production of novel proteins
c.
Introns that are self-excising may also function as hydrolytic enzymes for other processes
d.
Introns provide more area where crossing over may occur (without interfering with the coding sequences) and thus increase the probability of exon shuffling between alleles
e.
Introns often correspond to domains in proteins that fold independently and have specific functions. Switching domains between nonallelic genes could produce novel proteins.
 

 12. 
A ribozyme is
a.
an exception to the one gene- one RNA molecule axiom
b.
an enzyme that adds the 5’ cap and poly-A tail to mRNA
c.
an example of the rearrangement of protein domains caused by RNA splicing
d.
an RNA molecule that functions as an enzyme
e.
an enzyme that produces both small and large ribosomal subunits
 

 13. 
Which of the following would not be found in bacterial cell?
a.
mRNA
b.
rRNA
c.
snRNA
d.
RNA polymerase
e.
simultaneous transcription and translation
 

 14. 
Which of the following is transcribed and then translated to form a protein product?
a.
a gene for tRNA
b.
an intron
c.
a gene for a transcription factor
d.
5’ and 3’ UTRs
e.
a gene for rRNA
 

 15. 
Transfer RNA
a.
translocates a growing polypeptide destined for export to the endoplasmic reticulum
b.
binds to its specific amino acid in the active site of an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
c.
has catalytic activity and is thus a ribozyme
d.
is translated from mRNA
e.
is produced in the nucleus
 

 16. 
Place the following events in the synthesis of a polypeptide in the proper order.
1. A peptide bond forms.
2. An aminoacyl tRNA matches its anticodon to the codon in the A site.
3. A tRNA translocates from the A site to the P site, and an unattached tRNA exits from the E site
4. The large subunit attaches to the small subunit, with the initiator tRNA in the P site.
5. A small subunit binds to an mRNA and an initiator tRNA.
a.
4-5-3-2-1
b.
4-5-2-1-3
c.
5-4-3-2-1
d.
5-4-1-2-3
e.
5-4-2-1-3
 

 17. 
Translocation in the process of translation involves
a.
the hydrolysis of GTP
b.
movement of the tRNA in the A site to the P site
c.
movement along the mRNA a distance of one triplet
d.
the release of the unattached tRNA from the E site
e.
all of the above
 

 18. 
Which of the following type of molecule catalyzes the formation of a peptide bond?
a.
RNA polymerase
b.
rRNA
c.
mRNA
d.
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase
e.
proteinase
 

 19. 
Which of the following is not true of an anticodon?
a.
It consists of three nucleotides
b.
It lines up in the 5’ --> 3’ direction along the 5’ --> 3’ mRNA strand
c.
It extends from one loop of a tRNA molecule
d.
It may pair with more than one codon
e.
Its base uracil base-pairs with adenine
 

 20. 
Changes in a polypeptide following translation may involve
a.
the addition of sugars or lipids to certain amino acids
b.
the enzymatic addition of amino acids at the beginning of the chain
c.
the removal of poly-A from the end of the chain
d.
the addition of a 5’ cap of of a modified guanosine
e.
all of the above
 

 21. 
Several proteins may be produced at the same time from a single mRNA by
a.
the action of several ribosomes in a string, called a polyribosome
b.
several RNA polymerase molecules working sequentially
c.
signal peptides that associate ribosomes with rough ER
d.
the action of several promoter regions
e.
the involvement of multiple spliceosomes
 

 22. 
A signal peptide
a.
is most likely to be found on cystolic proteins produced by bacterial cells
b.
directs an mRNA molecule into the lumen of the ER
c.
is a sign to bind the small ribosomal unit at the initiation codon
d.
would be the first 20 or so amino acids of a protein destined for a membrane location or for secretion from the cell
e.
is part of the UTR following the 5’ cap
 

 23. 
A nucleotide deletion early in the coding sequence of a gene would most likely result in
a.
a nonsense mutation
b.
a frameshift mutation
c.
multiple missense mutations
d.
a nonfunctional protein
e.
all of the above
 

 24. 
The type of mutation responsible for sickle cell anemia is
a.
a silent mutation
b.
a nucleotide-pair insertion
c.
a point mutation
d.
a nucleotide-pair substitution
e.
Both c. and d. describe the type of mutation
 

 25. 
Which of the following statements best characterizes gene expression in archae?
a.
Their molecular machinery and processes are exactly like those in bacteria
b.
Their molecular machinery and processes are exactly like those in eukaryotes
c.
Their processes of transcription and translation differ susstantially from both bacteria and eukaryotes
d.
Their mechanisms of gene expressioin are most similar to eukaryotes, although they share some similarity with bacteria
e.
Their processes of of transcription and translation have not yet been studied
 

 26. 
Which letter refers to an mRNA molecule?
a.
a
b.
b
c.
c
d.
d
e.
e
 

 27. 
Which letter refers to a forming polypeptide?
a.
a
b.
b
c.
c
d.
d
e.
e
 

 28. 
Which letter refers to RNA polymerase?
a.
a
b.
b
c.
c
d.
d
e.
e
 

 29. 
Which letter refers to a ribosome?
a.
a
b.
b
c.
c
d.
d
e.
e
 

 30. 
Which letters indicate structures or molecules containing nucleotides?
a.
a and b
b.
a, b, and d
c.
b, c, and d
d.
b, d, and e
e.
c and d
 



 
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