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AP Bio Ch. 9 Study Guide Test Your Knowledge

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
When electrons move closer to a more electronegative atom,
a.
energy is released
b.
energy is consumed
c.
a proton gradient is established
d.
water is produced
e.
ATP is synthesized
 

 2. 
In the reaction C6H12O6 + 6 O2 ---> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O,
a.
glucose becomes reduced
b.
oxygen becomes reduced
c.
oxygen becomes oxidized
d.
water is a reducing agent
e.
oxygen is a reducing agent
 

 3. 
Some prokaryotes use anaerobic respiration, a process that
a.
does not involve an electron transport chain
b.
produces ATP solely by substrate-level phosphorylation
c.
uses a substance other than oxygen as the final electron acceptor
d.
does not rely on chemiosmosis for the production of ATP
e.
both a and b are correct
 

 4. 
Which of the following reactions is incorrectly paired with its location?
a.
ATP synthesis - inner membrane of the mitochondrion, mitochondrial matrix, and cytosol
b.
fermentation - cell cytosol
c.
glycolysis - cell cytosol
d.
substrate-level phosphorylation - cytosol and mitochondrial matrix
e.
citric acid cycle - cristae of mitochondrion
 

 5. 
Which of the following enzymes uses NAD+ as a coenzyme?
a.
phosphofructokinase
b.
phosphoglucoisomerase
c.
triose phosphate dehydrogenase
d.
hexokinase
e.
phosphoglyceromutase
 

 6. 
Which of the following compounds produces the most ATP when oxidized?
a.
acetyl CoA glucose
b.
glucose
c.
pyruvate
d.
fructose - 1,6-bisphosphate
e.
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate
 

 7. 
When pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA,
a.
CO2 and ATP are released
b.
a multienzyme complex removes a carboxyl group, transfers electrons to NAD+, and attaches a coenzyme
c.
one turn of the citric acid cycle is completed
d.
NAD+ is regenerated so that glycolysis can continue to produce ATP by substrate-level phosphorylation
e.
phosphofructokinase is activated and glycolysis continues
 

 8. 
How many molecules of CO2 are generated for each molecule of acetyl CoA introduced into the citric acid cycle?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
3
d.
4
e.
6
 

 9. 
Which of the following statements correctly describes the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
a.
It is reduced in glycolysis as glucose is oxidized
b.
It combines with H+ diffusing through ATP synthase to produce H2O
c.
It provides the activation energy needed for oxidation to occur
d.
It is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain
e.
It combines with the carbon removed during the citric acid cycle to form CO2
 

 10. 
In the chemiosmotic mechanism,
a.
ATP production is linked to the proton gradient established by the electron transport chain
b.
the difference in pH between the intermembrane space and the cytosol drives the formation of ATP
c.
the flow of H+ through the ATP synthases rotates a rotor and rod, driving the hydrolysis of ADP
d.
the energy released by the reduction and subsequent oxidation of electron carriers transfers a phosphate to ADP
e.
the production of water in the mitochondrial matrix by the reduction of oxygen leads to a net flow of water out of a mitochondrion
 

 11. 
When glucose is oxidized to CO2 and water, approximately 66% of its energy is transformed to
a.
heat
b.
ATP
c.
a proton-motive force
d.
molecular movement
e.
NADH
 

 12. 
Which of the following statements is incorrect concerning oxidative phosphorylation?
a.
It produces about 2.5 ATP for every NADH that is oxidized
b.
It involves the redox reactions of the electron transport chain
c.
It involves an ATP synthase located located in the inner mitochondrial membrane
d.
It uses oxygen as the final electron donor
e.
It is an example of chemiosmosis
 

 13. 
Which of the following statements correctly describes a metabolic effect of cyanide, a poison that blocks the passage of electrons along the electron transport chain?
a.
The pH of the intermembrane space becomes much lower than normal
b.
Electrons are passed directly to oxygen, causing cells to explode
c.
Alcohol would build up in the cells
d.
NADH supplies would be exhausted, and ATP synthesis would cease
e.
No proton gradient would be produced, and ATP synthesis would cease
 

 14. 
Substrate-level phosphorylation
a.
involves the shifting of a phosphate group from ATP to a substrate
b.
can use NADH or FADH2
c.
takes place only in the cytosol
d.
accounts for 10% of the ATP formed by fermentation
e.
is the energy source for facultative anaerobes under anaerobic conditions
 

 15. 
Fermentation produces less ATP than cellular respiration because
a.
NAD+ is regenerated by alcohol or lactate production, without the electrons of NADH passing through the electron transport chain
b.
pyruvate still contains most of the “hilltop” electrons that were present in glucose
c.
its starting reactant is pyruvate and not glucose
d.
a and b are correct
e.
a, b, and c are correct
 

 16. 
Which of the following conversions represents a reduction reaction?
a.
pyruvate to acetyl CoA and CO2
b.
C6H12O6 to CO2
c.
NADH to NAD+
d.
glucose to pyruvate
e.
acetylaldehyde (C2H4O) to ethanol (C2H6O)
 

 17. 
Muscle cells in oxygen deprivation gain which of the following from the reduction of pyruvate?
a.
ATP
b.
ATP and NAD+
c.
CO2 and NAD+
d.
ATP, alcohol, and NAD+
e.
ATP, CO2
 

 18. 
Glucose made from six radioactively labeled carbon atoms is fed to yeast cells in the absence of oxygen. How many molecules of radioactive alcohol (C2H5OH) are formed from each molecule of glucose?
a.
0
b.
1
c.
2
d.
3
e.
6
 

 19. 
Glycolysis is considered one of the first metabolic pathways to have evolved because
a.
it relies on fermentation, which is characteristic of archaea and bacteria
b.
it is found only in prokaryotes, whereas eukaryotes use mitochondria to produce ATP
c.
it produces much less ATP than does the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis
d.
it produces ATP only by substrate phosphorylation and does not involve redox reactions
e.
it is nearly universal, is located in the cytosol, and does not involve O2
 

 20. 
Which of the following substances produces the most ATP per gram?
a.
glucose, because it is the starting place for glycolysis
b.
glycogen or starch, because they are polymers of glucose
c.
fats, because they are highly reduced compounds
d.
proteins, because of the energy stored in their tertiary structure
e.
amino acids, because they can be fed directly into the citric acid cycle
 

 21. 
Fats and proteins can be used as fuel in the cell because they
a.
can be converted to glucose by enzymes
b.
can be converted to intermediates of glycolysis or the citric acid cycle
c.
can pass through the mitochondrial membrane to enter the citric acid cycle
d.
contain phosphate groups
e.
contain more energy than glucose
 

 22. 
Which of the following statements is false concerning the enzyme phosphofructokinase?
a.
It is an allosteric enzyme
b.
It is inhibited by citrate
c.
It is the pacemaker of glycolysis and respiration
d.
It is inhibited by AMP
e.
It is an early enzyme in the glycolytic pathway
 

 23. 
Which of the following statements describes a possible function of brown fat, which has uncoupler proteins that, when activated, make the inner mitochondrial membrane leaky to H+?
a.
It produces more ATP than does regular fat and is found in the flight muscles of ducks and geese, providing more energy for long-distance migrations
b.
It lowers the pH of the intermembrane space, which results in the production of more ATP per gram than is produced by the oxidation of glucose or regular fat tissue
c.
Because it dissipates the proton gradient, it generates heat through cellular respiration without producing ATP, thereby raising the body temperature of hibernating mammals or newborn infants
d.
Its main function is insulation in the endothermic animals in which it is common
e.
Both a and b are correct
 



 
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