Bio II Ch. 15 Vocabulary
Matching
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15.1 Vocabulary a. | Archibald Garrod | e. | Vernon
Ingram | b. | inborn error of metabolism | f. | one gene - one polypeptide hypothesis | c. | George Beadle and Edward
Tatum | g. | Linus Pauling and
Harvey Itano | d. | one gene - one enzyme hypothesis |
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1.
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a phrase dramatizing the relationship when family members often have the same
disorder
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2.
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there is a gene for each type of peptide chain
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3.
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worked with red bread mold to determine pathways exist in the biosynthesis of
molecules
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4.
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ran an electrophoresis gel to determine if there was a charge diffference
between normal red blood cells and sickled red blood cells
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5.
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determined the structural difference between normal red blood cells and sickled
red blood cells
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6.
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suggested there is a relationship between inheritance and metabolic
diseases
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7.
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each gene specifies the synthesis of one enzyme
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15.2 Vocabulary a. | messenger RNA | e. | translation | b. | ribosomal RNA | f. | DNA | c. | transfer
RNA | g. | RNA | d. | transcription | h. | Central Dogma |
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8.
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transfers amino acids to the ribosomes
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9.
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process which an mRNA transcript directs the sequence of amino acids in a
polypeptide
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10.
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a molecule that is double stranded
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11.
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takes the message from DNA in the nucleus to the ribosomes in the
cytoplasm
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12.
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explains the manner in which genes are expressed; DNA to RNA to protein
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13.
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a molecule that is single stranded
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14.
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along with proteins, makes up the ribosomes, where proteins are
synthesized
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15.
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process by which an RNA copy is made of a portion of DNA
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15.3 Vocabulary a. | codon | d. | qualities of
genetic material | b. | Marshall Nirenberg; J. Heinrich Matthei | e. | triplet code | c. | Marshall Nirenberg;
Philip Leder |
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16.
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laid the groundwork for cracking the genetic code
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17.
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a code word sequence of three nitrogen bases on messenger RNA
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18.
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developed a cell free system to determine the sequence of three nucleotides at
a time
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19.
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each codon consists of three nucleotide bases, not 1, 2, or 4
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20.
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must be degenerate, unambiguous, and have start and stop signals
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15.4 Vocabulary a. | promoter | e. | ribozymes | b. | RNA polymerase | f. | spliceosomes | c. | exons | g. | mRNA
cap | d. | introns | h. | mRNA poly-A tail |
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21.
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RNA with an enzymatic function, can “self-splice”
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22.
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a modified guanine put at the start of a processed mRNA molecule
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23.
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matches RNA nucleotides to a DNA template
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24.
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segments of the primary mRNA transcripts that are removed
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25.
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defines the start of a gene
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26.
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segments of the primary mRNA transcripts that are expressed
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27.
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a segment of repeating adenines at the end of a processed mRNA molecule
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28.
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cuts the primary mRNA and the rejoins the adjacent exons
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15.5 Vocabulary a. | anticodon | f. | three steps of
translation | b. | wobble effect | g. | A site | c. | polyribosome | h. | P site | d. | tRNA
synthetases | i. | translocation | e. | start codon | j. | E site |
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29.
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matches the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA molecule
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30.
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a U in the third anticodon position can pair with an A or G in the third codon
position
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31.
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the spot for the next tRNA molecule at the ribosome
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32.
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a group of three bases that is complementary to a specific codon of
mRNA
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33.
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when a transfer RNA moves from the A site to the P site, and then to the E
site
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34.
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chain initiation, chain elongation, and chain termination
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35.
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holds the tRNA so amino acids can link
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36.
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a complex of several ribosomes translating the same mRNA
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37.
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AUG; known as methionine
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38.
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exit site for the tRNA molocule at the ribosome
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15.6 Vocabulary a. | gene mutation | e. | point
mutation | b. | reading frame | f. | silent mutation | c. | frameshift mutation | g. | missense mutation | d. | mutagens | h. | nonsense mutation |
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39.
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adding or deleting a nitrogen base causing a shift in the reading frame;
results in a completely new sequence of codons and a nonfunctional protein
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40.
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environmental substances that cause random DNA base changes
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41.
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a point mutation that still codes for the same amino acid
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42.
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a point mutation that still codes for the same amino acid
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43.
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the sequence of the codons when they are read from the starting point
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44.
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a point mutation which codes for a stop codon in the middle of a
polypeptide
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45.
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a single change in a nucleotide and therefore a change in a specific
codon
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46.
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a change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA
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