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Bio II Ch. 16 Groupwork Assignment

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
Cancer cells differentiate.
 

 2. 
Cancer cells have normal nuclei.
 

 3. 
Cancer cells have a rigid cytoskeleton.
 

 4. 
It is very easy for cancer to spread all over the body.
 

 5. 
A weakened immune system will increase your chances of developing cancer.
 

 6. 
Animal cells can undergo mitosis an infinite number of times until the day they die.
 

 7. 
Plant cells can undergo mitosis an infinite number of times until the day they die.
 

 8. 
Cancer cells are immortal. They live forever.
 

 9. 
In the presence of glucose, the lac operon is maximally turned on.
 

 10. 
Bacterial DNA contains control regions whose sole purpose is to regulate the transcription of structural genes that code for enzymes or other products.
 

 11. 
If a repressor protein is not attached to an operator, transcription is occuring.
 

 12. 
Tryptophan by itself can be considered a corepressor.
 

 13. 
Histones vary greatly between species.
 

 14. 
The more active regulatory proteins there are in a cell, the faster transcription can occur.
 

 15. 
Transcription does not occur when chromatin is in the heterochromatin state.
 

 16. 
The speed at which mRNA leaves the nucleus through a nuclear pore has little effect on the rate of protein production.
 

 17. 
Estrogen counteracts the effectiveness of ribonuclease.
 

 18. 
The length of the poly-A tail may determine how fast the mRNA molecule is read.
 

 19. 
An example of a loose, actively transcribed chromosome is a Barr body.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 20. 
Smoking is involved in _____% of all cancer deaths.
a.
3
e.
43
b.
13
f.
53
c.
23
g.
63
d.
33
h.
73
 

 21. 
Complex animal cells can undergo mitosis around _________ times during the life of a cell.
a.
20-40
e.
100-120
b.
40-60
f.
120-140
c.
60-80
g.
140-160
d.
80-100
h.
160-180
 

 22. 
Cancer can be noticed as a tumor when a mutated cell undergoes mitosis around _____ times.
a.
10
e.
50
b.
20
f.
60
c.
30
g.
70
d.
40
h.
80
 

 23. 
Which two French microbiologists came up with an operon?
a.
Watson and Crick
e.
Franklin and Chargaff
b.
Meselson and Stahl
f.
Okazaki and McClintock
c.
Jacob and Monod
g.
Hershey and Chase
d.
Griffith and Avery
h.
Leclerc and Darwin
 

 24. 
What organism did they study to find the operon?
a.
acetobacter
e.
leptosporosis
b.
lactobacillus
f.
pnemonia
c.
botulinum
g.
stapholococcus
d.
anthrax
h.
e. coli
 

 25. 
mRNA will be made if the repressor protein is __________________ to the operator.
a.
attached
b.
unattached
c.
either attached or unattached
d.
this does not apply because the repressor protein does not attach to the operator
 

 26. 
Is the lac operon turned on or off in the presence of glucose?
a.
on
b.
off
 

 27. 
Is the lac operon turned on or off in the presence of lactose?
a.
on
b.
off
 

 28. 
This area is considered to be the start of a gene on a DNA molecule.
a.
structural gene
e.
promoter
b.
operator
f.
operon
c.
repressor
g.
inducer
d.
regulator gene
h.
corepressor
 

 29. 
When there is very little glucose available to a prokaryotic cell, there __________________ cyclic AMP molecules present.
a.
are a lot of
b.
is a little amount of
 

 30. 
In the chain events for operon activation, what does cyclic AMP attach to
a.
ADP
e.
inducer
b.
RNA polymerase
f.
repressor
c.
DNA polymerase
g.
structural gene
d.
CAP - catabolite activator protein
h.
repressor protein
 

 31. 
The tryptophan operon is normally ________ most of the time.
a.
on
b.
off
 

 32. 
A human cell contains at least _____ meters of DNA.
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 33. 
A human cell nucleus is about ________ um (micrometers) in diameter.
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 34. 
Which of the following controls is subject to feedback control?
a.
transcription
c.
translational
b.
post-transcription
d.
post-translational
 

 35. 
Which of the following controls is subject to the amount of DNA that is exposed to polymerase?
a.
transcription
c.
translation
b.
post-transcription
d.
post-translational
 

 36. 
Which of the following controls is subject to mRNA processing and producing a different protein product?
a.
transcription
c.
translation
b.
post-transcription
d.
post-translational
 

 37. 
Which of the following controls is subject to gene amplification and the making of more RNA for a faster rate of protein synthesis?
a.
transcriptional
c.
translational
b.
post-transcriptional
d.
post-translational
 

 38. 
Which of the following controls is subject to the final protein being “fixed” before it is activated?
a.
transcription
c.
translational
b.
post-transcription
d.
post-translational
 

 39. 
Which of the following controls is subject to the life expectancy of the mRNA molecule?
a.
transcription
c.
translational
b.
post-transcriptional
d.
post-translational
 

 40. 
Which of the following controls is subject to the use of transcription factors to initiate the making of mRNA?
a.
transcriptional
c.
translational
b.
post-transcriptional
d.
post-translational
 

 41. 
Which of the following controls is subject to the speed at which the mRNA leaves the nucleus due to the size of the molecule or nuclear pore size?
a.
transcriptinal
c.
translational
b.
post-transcriptional
d.
post-translational
 

 42. 
Control of gene expression occurs at ____ levels in eukaryotes.
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 43. 
In the nucleus there is _______________ and _______________ control; in the cytoplasm there is _______________ and _______________ control.
a.
transcriptional and translational; post-transcriptional and post-translational
b.
transcriptional and post-translational; translational and post-transcriptional
c.
translational and post-translational; transcriptional and post-transcriptional
d.
transcriptional and post-transcriptional; translational and post-translational
 

 44. 
How can the protein product produced be any different during post-transcriptional control if the primary mRNA was the exact same strand?
a.
different introns are cut out during processing
b.
different exons are cut out during processing
c.
the mRNA molecule is read right to left instead of left to right
d.
it cannot be any different if the mRNA is exactly the same
e.
a different RNA polymerase is used
f.
a different DNA polymerase is used
g.
different transcription factors are used
 

 45. 
Which are the 5 primary types of histones?
a.
H1, H2, H3, H4, H5
b.
H1A, H2A, H3A, H4A, H5A
c.
H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4
d.
H1A, H2B, H3A, H3B,H4
e.
H1, H2, H3A, H3B, H4
f.
H1A, H2A, H2B, H3, H4
g.
H1A, H1B, H2, H3, H4
h.
H1, H2, H2A, H2B, H3A,
 

 46. 
How many histones are in a nucleosome?
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 47. 
DNA is supercoiled, and around each turn, there are ____ nucleosomes packed together per turn.
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
 

 48. 
Check all that have the ability to cause cancer.
 a.
virus
 d.
chemicals
 b.
radiation
 e.
immunodefeciencies
 c.
heredity
 f.
smoking
 

 49. 
Check all of the following that are associated with an operon.
 a.
regulator gene
 e.
structural gene
 b.
RNA polymerase
 f.
enhancer
 c.
promoter
 g.
operator
 d.
transcription factors
 h.
repressor protein
 

 50. 
Which of the following are the lac operon genes?
 a.
amylase
 e.
lipase
 b.
B-galactosidase
 f.
permease
 c.
glucoamylase
 g.
lactase
 d.
protease
 h.
transacetylase
 

 51. 
Choose all that can combine with transcription factors.
 a.
promoters
 e.
structural genes
 b.
operator
 f.
inducer
 c.
regulator gene
 g.
enhancers
 d.
repressor protein
 h.
corepressor
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 52. 
The stimulation of the growth new blood vessels into a tumor is called __________________.
 

 

 53. 
The spreading of cancer cells into other parts of the body is called _________________.
 

 

 54. 
Normal cells stop dividing when touching one another. This is called ____________    ________________.
 

 

 55. 
What does the lac in the lac operon mean or stand for?
 

 

 56. 
What does the trp in the trp operon mean or stand for?
 

 

 57. 
Programmed cell death is called _________________.
 

 

 58. 
This influences whether a cell enters or completes the cell cycle.
 

 

 59. 
If a substance brings about the production of enzymes, it is considered to be called an ______________.
 

 

 60. 
If the buildup of a substance ends or shuts down the production of enzymes, it is considered to be called a ______________.
 

 

 61. 
Chromatin that is active is called ___________________________.
 

 

 62. 
Chromatin that is inactive is called _____________________.
 

 

Matching
 
 
Genes
a.
tumor-suppressor genes
c.
protooncogenes
b.
oncogenes
 

 63. 

 stop reactions from occuring that lead to cell division
 

 64. 

 normal genes that code for proteins
 

 65. 

 cancer causing genes
 
 
Operon
a.
promoter
d.
regulator gene
b.
repressor protein
e.
structural genes
c.
operator
f.
RNA polymerase
 

 66. 

 This part of the operon is where the repressor protein will attach.
 

 67. 

 This protein will make a mRNA.
 

 68. 

 This attaches to the operon and keeps transcription from occuring.
 

 69. 

 This is where RNA polymerase will attach.
 

 70. 

 This part of the operon makes the repressor protein.
 

 71. 

 This part of the operon codes for proteins.
 
 
lac operon genes
a.
permease
c.
transacetylase
b.
B-galactosidase
 

 72. 

 accessory functioin in lactose metabolism
 

 73. 

 breaks down lactose
 

 74. 

 facilitates entry of lactose into the cell
 
 
Terms
a.
kinases
g.
dephosphorylation
b.
phosphorylation
h.
transcription factors
c.
methylation
i.
coactivator or inducer
d.
phosphatases
j.
corepressor
e.
euchromatin
k.
nucleosome
f.
heterochromatin
 

 75. 

 the addition of phosphate groups to a molecule
 

 76. 

 molecules that strip away phosphates from molecules
 

 77. 

 small protein subunits fixed in certain DNA locations to start transcription
 

 78. 

 condensed DNA
 

 79. 

 signaling proteins involved with the growth control network; enzymes that catalyze the transfer of a high-energy group from a donor (usually ATP) to an acceptor
 

 80. 

 uncoiled DNA
 

 81. 

 adding CH3 groups to DNA to inactivate it
 

 82. 

 the removal of phasphate groups from a molecule
 

 83. 

 a protein that works with transcription factors to decrease the rate of gene transcription
 

 84. 

 a protein that works with transcription factors to increase the rate of gene transcription
 

 85. 

 a group of histones that helps to supercoil DNA
 

Short Answer
 

 86. 
List 5 traits of cancerous cells.
 

 87. 
Describe the two ways cancer cells die.
 

 88. 
How does the attachment of cyclic AMP help RNA polymerase bind to the promoter?
 

 89. 
If an enhancer is so far away from a promoter, how does it influence the start of DNA transcription?
 



 
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