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Bio II Ch. 16 Vocabulary

Matching
 
 
a.
Francois Jacob and Jacques Monod
h.
inducer
b.
operon
i.
inducible operon
c.
promoter
j.
cyclic AMP (cAMP)
d.
operator
k.
catabolite activator protein (CAP)
e.
structural genes
l.
repressible operon
f.
regulator gene
m.
corepressor
g.
repressor protein
 

 1. 

 codes for the production of a repressor protein
 

 2. 

 an operon that is normally turned on but can be turned off
 

 3. 

 a molecule with only one phosphate, ribose sugar, and an adenine
 

 4. 

 worked with E. coli and proposed the operon model
 

 5. 

 a molcule that normally attaches to the operator to shut the operon down
 

 6. 

 short sequence of DNA where RNA polymerase first attaches
 

 7. 

 one to several genes coding for enzymes of a metabolic pathway that are transcribed as a unit
 

 8. 

 a molecule that attaches to a repressor protein and changes its shape so it is better able to fit on the operator
 

 9. 

 a molucule that attaches to the repressor protein and changes its shape to detach it from the operator
 

 10. 

 a series of structural genes, an operator, and a promoter
 

 11. 

 activated when cAMP builds up and attaches to it; when activated, it attaches to a promoter to attract RNA polymerase
 

 12. 

 an operon that is normally turned off but can be turned on
 

 13. 

 short portion of DNA where the repressor protein can bind
 
 
a.
transcriptional control
j.
gene amplification
b.
posttranscriptional control
k.
lampbrush chromosomes
c.
translational control
l.
polytene chromosomes
d.
posttranslational control
m.
transcription factors
e.
histones
n.
enhancer
f.
nucleosomes
o.
kinases
g.
euchromatin
p.
masked messengers
h.
heterochromatin
q.
ribonucleases
i.
Barr body
 

 14. 

 control in which the life expectancy of the mRNA molecule in the cytoplasm determines how much gene preoduct is produced
 

 15. 

 duplication of chromosomes without dividing mitotically to produce a large number of sister chromatids on one chromosome
 

 16. 

 located at a distance away from the promoter, it loops to touch and activate RNA polymerase at the promoter region
 

 17. 

 RNA molecules that are not translated until fertilization
 

 18. 

 highly condensed chromatin on the X chromosomes in mammalian females
 

 19. 

 control in which certain transcription factors are needed to be present to proceed
 

 20. 

 diffuse chromatin that is active
 

 21. 

 control in which the speed of the mature mRNA leaving the nucleus determines the amount of gene product produced
 

 22. 

 control in which the polypeptide product may have to undergo additional changes before it is biological functional
 

 23. 

 many loops of decondensed chromosomes
 

 24. 

 highly compacted chromatin that is inactive
 

 25. 

 DNA binding proteins needed in a specific complex to start the transcription in eukaryotic cells
 

 26. 

 molecules that add phosphates to to activate other protein molecules
 

 27. 

 five primary types of protein that helps DNA superfold
 

 28. 

 increasing the number of nucleoli to ensure a large number of RNA genes
 

 29. 

 a core of eight histone molecules
 

 30. 

 enzymes that destroy RNA molecules
 

 31. 

 control in which the primary mRNA is processed before it leaves the nucleus
 

 32. 

 control in which a functional enzyme is subject to feedback control
 

 33. 

 control in which the primary mRNA molecule needs additional changes before a gene product can be produced
 

 34. 

 control in which the chromatin state determines if is active or not
 
 
a.
cancer
n.
oncogenes
b.
differentiation
o.
ras oncogenes
c.
tumor
p.
rasK oncogene
d.
neoplasia
q.
tumor-suppressor genes
e.
anaplasia
r.
c-myc
f.
angiogenesis
s.
p53
g.
cancer in situ
t.
apoptosis
h.
metastasis
u.
RB tumor suppressor gene
i.
malignant
v.
carcinogen
j.
benign
w.
radiation, chemicals. virus, smoke
k.
growth control network
x.
immunodeficiencies
l.
growth factor
y.
30%
m.
proto-oncogenes
z.
traits of cancer cells
 

 35. 

 the spreading of new tumors distant from the primary tumor
 

 36. 

 influences whether a cell enters or completes the cell cycle
 

 37. 

 process of programmed cell death
 

 38. 

 a cancer that is usually encapsulated and does not invade adjacent tissue
 

 39. 

 implicated in several types of cancer; susceptible to a siingle nucleotide mutation
 

 40. 

 cancer found in its place of origin without any invasion of normal tissue
 

 41. 

 uncontrolled growth, no contact inhibition, disorganized and multilayered, nondifferentiated cells, and abnomal nuclei
 

 42. 

 cigarette smoking accounts for all cancer deaths
 

 43. 

 an oncogene found in 25% of all lung cancers, 50% of colon cancers, and 90% of pancreatic cancers
 

 44. 

 a spreading cancer
 

 45. 

 a disorganized layer of tissue cells
 

 46. 

 an abnormal mass of cells which invades and destroys tissue
 

 47. 

 the best known mutagenic carcinogens
 

 48. 

 can stop reactions from occuring that ordinarily lead to cell division
 

 49. 

 when cells specialize into a specific form and function
 

 50. 

 formation and growth of new blood vessels
 

 51. 

 cancer-causing genes
 

 52. 

 a tumor-suppressor gene that helps regulate the cell cycle
 

 53. 

 an environmental agent that can contribute to the development of cancer
 

 54. 

 a signaling protein that causes cells to divide after it is received by a receptor in the plasma membrane
 

 55. 

 when the bodies immune system is weakened to fight infections, cancer, and antigens
 

 56. 

 severe failure of the regulation of cell division
 

 57. 

 a tumor-suppressor gene found in retinoblastoma, breast, prostate, and bladder cancers
 

 58. 

 its protein product can lead to abnormal cell division and cancer; RB proteins can turn off expression
 

 59. 

 normal genes that code for proteins in the growth control network
 

 60. 

 new growth in tissue
 



 
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