Bio II Ch. 6 Vocabulary
Matching
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a. | energy | d. | 1st Law of Thermodynamics | b. | kinetic
energy | e. | 2nd Law of
Thermodynamics | c. | potential energy | f. | entropy |
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1.
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energy cannot be created or destroyed but can be changed from one form to
another
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2.
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the capacity to do work
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3.
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energy cannot be changed from one form to another without a loss of usable
energy
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4.
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stored energy
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5.
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the energy of motion
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6.
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a measure of randomness or disorder
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a. | metabolism | e. | transport work | b. | free energy | f. | mechanical work | c. | coupling | g. | ATP | d. | chemical work | h. | ADP |
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7.
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the energy needed to pump substances across the plasma membrane
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8.
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formed after ATP loses a phosphate group
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9.
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the energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic
reaction
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10.
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the energy needed to permit muscles to contract, cilia and flagella to to beat,
chromosomes to move, etc.
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11.
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the energy needed to synthesize macromolecules that make up the cell
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12.
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the amount of energy available to do work after a chemical reaction has
occured
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13.
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the common energy currency of cells
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14.
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the sum of all biochemical pathways of the cell
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a. | enzyme | k. | allosteric site | b. | substrates | l. | feedback inhibition | c. | energy of
activation | m. | cofactors | d. | reactant | n. | coenzymes | e. | product | o. | vitamins | f. | active site | p. | factors affecting enzymatic
speed | g. | induced fit model | q. | phosphatases | h. | competitive inhibition | r. | kinases | i. | noncompetitive
inhibition | s. | phosphorylation | j. | inhibition | t. | dephosphorylation |
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15.
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molecules that phosphorylate other molecules and activate enzymes
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16.
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inorganic ions needed for enzymes to function properly
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17.
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a molecule binds to an allosteric site and inhibits enzyme activity
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18.
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small organic molecules that are required in trace amounts in our diet for the
synthesis of coenzymes
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19.
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common means by which cells regulate enzyme activity
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20.
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a protein molecule that functions as an organic catalyst to speed a chemical
reaction
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21.
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a substance that participates in a reaction
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22.
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a binding site on an enzyme that is not the active site
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23.
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the energy that must be added to cause molecules to react with one
another
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24.
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a molecule is so close in shape to an enzymes substrate that it competes with
the substrate for the active site
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25.
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temperature, pH level, the amount of active enzyme present
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26.
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the active site undergoes a slight change to accomodate the
substrate(s)
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27.
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adding phosphates to initiate a reaction
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28.
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the end product of a pathway binds to an allosteric site on the first enzyme of
the pathway
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29.
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the small part of an enzyme that complexes with the substrate(s)
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30.
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removing phosphates to inactivate an enzyme
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31.
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enzymes that remove phosphates
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32.
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a substance that is formed as a result of a chemical reaction
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33.
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organic nonprotein molecules needed for enzymes to work properly
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34.
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the reactants in an enzymatic reaction
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a. | NADP+ | d. | ATP synthase complex | b. | NAD+ | e. | chemiosmosis | c. | chemiosmotic
theory |
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35.
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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate; in chloroplasts it accepts e- and
H+
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36.
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ATP production in both mitochondria and chloroplasts coupled to the electron
transport system; discovered by Peter Mitchell
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37.
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channels that allow H+ to flow down their concentration gradient to create
ATP
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38.
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nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; used in aerobic respiration to accept an e-
and H+
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39.
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the production of ATP due to a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane
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