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Bio II Ch. 3 Groupwork Assignment

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
Functional groups can ionize.
 

 2. 
All carbohydrates have a sweet taste.
 

 3. 
We can easily store excess carbohydrates.
 

 4. 
Lipids are very bad for you and do not serve healthy biological functions.
 

 5. 
Lipids are our first energy source.
 

 6. 
Gram for gram, carbohydrates provide twice as much energy than lipids.
 

 7. 
Enzymes are used up in chemical reactions.
 

 8. 
An enzyme can be used in many different types of reactions.
 

 9. 
We need a lot of specific types of enzymes because we have millions of reactions that take place everyday.
 

 10. 
Enzymes raise the activation energy in a molecule to change it.
 

 11. 
Enzymes are catalysts.
 

 12. 
The body can use protein for energy.
 

 13. 
The body can easily store excess protein.
 

 14. 
The smallest proteins are made up of hundreds of amino acids.
 

 15. 
RNA has two strands.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 16. 
What determines whether a molecule is attracted or not attracted to water?
a.
because the molecule is neutral
b.
because the molecule is hydrophobic
c.
beacuse the molecule is organic
d.
because the molecule is inorganic
e.
because the molecule has a polar group
f.
because the molecule has covalent bonds
g.
because the molecule has ionic bonds
h.
because the molecule is an isomer
 

 17. 
Which element is considered the best building block of life?
a.
calcium
e.
nitrogen
b.
oxygen
f.
sodium
c.
phosphorous
g.
sulfer
d.
carbon
h.
hydrogen
 

 18. 
What are the building blocks or monomers of proteins?
a.
amino acids
c.
glycerol and fatty acids
b.
monosaccharides
d.
nucleotides
 

 19. 
What are the building block or monomers of nucleic acids?
a.
amino acids
c.
glycerol and fatty acids
b.
monosaccharides
d.
nucleotides
 

 20. 
What are the building blocks or monomers of lipids?
a.
amino acids
c.
glycerol and fatty acids
b.
monosaccharides
d.
nucleotides
 

 21. 
What are the building blocks or monomers of carbohydrates?
a.
amino acids
c.
glycerol and fatty acids
b.
monosaccharides
d.
nucleotides
 

 22. 
Which of the following is referred to as a big molecule?
a.
polymer
e.
glycerol
b.
monomer
f.
sugar, phosphate, and a nitrogen base
c.
amino acid
g.
a single unit
d.
monosaccharide
h.
fatty acid tail
 

 23. 
Which term refers to a small molecule?
a.
polymer
e.
RNA
b.
monomer
f.
lipid
c.
protein
g.
polysaccharide
d.
DNA
h.
many units
 

 24. 
Which is a way carbon can combine to make molecules?
a.
straight chain
c.
ring structure
b.
branched chain
d.
all of these
 

 25. 
Carbohydrates usually end in
a.
in
e.
ide
b.
ase
f.
ed
c.
ous
g.
ose
d.
er
h.
ion
 

 26. 
Pick the monosaccharides in maltose.
a.
glucose and galactose
e.
galactose and galactose
b.
fructose and galactose
f.
fructose and fructose
c.
fructose and glucose
g.
sucrose and glucose
d.
glucose and glucose
h.
ribulose and xylose
 

 27. 
Carbohydrates tend to have a _____________ ratio between their C, H, and O elements.
a.
1:1:1
e.
2:1:2
b.
1:2:1
f.
3:2:3
c.
1:3:1
g.
2:5:2
d.
1:4:1
h.
6:1:6
 

 28. 
The bonds between monosaccharide molecules are known as ________________ bonds.
a.
esther link
c.
peptide
b.
glycosidic
d.
phosphodiester
 

 29. 
Carbohydrates tend to have a ____________ structure in their chemical makeup.
a.
straight chain
c.
square
b.
branched chain
d.
ring
 

 30. 
Which organic group do most enzymes come from?
a.
proteins
c.
nucleic acids
b.
carbohydrates
d.
lipids
 

 31. 
The bonds between lipid molecules are known as _______________ bonds.
a.
glycosidic
c.
peptide
b.
esther linkage
d.
phosphodiester
 

 32. 
Which is the better lipid?
a.
saturated
b.
unsaturated
 

 33. 
What do I look for to determine if a lipid is saturated or unsaturated?
a.
if it has single or double carbon bonds
b.
if it has a lot of hydrogen with it
c.
how many fatty acid tails there are
d.
if it has a phosphate group attached it
e.
if it has a long chain alcohol attached to it
f.
if it is ionized
g.
if it dissolves in water or not
h.
if it has 4 fused carbon rings
 

 34. 
Lipids have numerous ___- ___ bonds.
a.
O-H
e.
S-H
b.
N-H
f.
C-N
c.
C-H
g.
C-O
d.
Ca-H
h.
C-P
 

 35. 
Which lipid is solid at room temperature?
a.
saturated
b.
unsaturated
 

 36. 
What attaches to a long-chain fatty acid in waxes?
a.
alpha helix
e.
quaternary structure
b.
beta pleated sheet
f.
a single nucleotide strand
c.
a short-chain phosphate
g.
tertiary structure
d.
a long-chain alcohol
h.
a double nucleotide strand
 

 37. 
Which organic group do most enzymes come from?
a.
lipids
c.
carbohydrates
b.
proteins
d.
nucleic acids
 

 38. 
The bonds between amino acids are called _________________ bonds.
a.
glycosidic
c.
peptide
b.
esther linkage
d.
phosphodiester
 

 39. 
Enzyme names usually end in _________.
a.
ed
e.
ate
b.
is
f.
ous
c.
tion
g.
er
d.
ide
h.
ase
 

 40. 
There are ____ common amino acids.
a.
5
e.
25
b.
10
f.
30
c.
15
g.
35
d.
20
h.
40
 

 41. 
The group of atoms that are different in all amino acids are referred to as the __________ group.
a.
A
e.
W
b.
Z
f.
R
c.
X
g.
H
d.
T
h.
G
 

 42. 
Which lonely atom is attached to the central carbon of an amino acid?
a.
C
e.
Ca
b.
H
f.
P
c.
O
g.
S
d.
N
h.
Na
 

 43. 
Which is not a primary function of proteins in animals?
a.
structure
d.
support
b.
enzymes
e.
store information
c.
transport
 

 44. 
Which is not found in a nucleotide?
a.
a
c.
phosphate
b.
sugar
d.
nitrogen base
 

 45. 
Nitrogen base T always pairs with nitrogen base ______.
a.
C
e.
U
b.
Y
f.
S
c.
A
g.
B
d.
G
h.
X
 

 46. 
Nitrogen base C always pairs with nitrogen base ______.
a.
A
e.
G
b.
U
f.
B
c.
T
g.
P
d.
X
h.
X
 

 47. 
What is the main function of nucleic acids?
a.
store genetic information
e.
enzymes
b.
structure
f.
insulation
c.
2nd energy
g.
transport
d.
1st energy source
h.
protection
 

 48. 
What organic group does ATP fall into?
a.
carbohydrates
c.
lipids
b.
proteins
d.
nucleic acids
 

 49. 
How many carbons are found in the sugars of nucleic acids?
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 50. 
Which bond is between the two DNA strands holding them together?
a.
covalent
c.
hydrogen
b.
polar covalent
d.
ionic
 

 51. 
Which has a single ring structure instead of a double ring structure?
a.
purine
b.
pyramidine
 

 52. 
Which sugar is found in adenosine triphosphate?
a.
glyceraldehyde
e.
ribose
b.
deoxyribose
f.
galactose
c.
ribulose
g.
xylose
d.
glucose
h.
fructose
 

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
 

 53. 
If something is organic, it contains the elements   (2)
 a.
oxygen
 e.
hydrogen
 b.
nitrogen
 f.
sodium
 c.
carbon
 g.
sulfer
 d.
calcium
 h.
phosphorous
 

 54. 
Check all of the following that fits organic molecules better than inorganic molecules.
 a.
usually associated with living organisms
 b.
always contain a small number of atoms
 c.
often associated with nonliving matter
 d.
usually ionic bonding
 e.
always covalent bonding
 f.
may be quite large with many atoms
 g.
usually contain positive and negative ions
 h.
always contain carbon and hydrogen
 

 55. 
Check the classes of carbohydrates.
 a.
polysaccharides
 e.
nucleotides
 b.
nucleic acids
 f.
steroids
 c.
waxes
 g.
triglycerides
 d.
monosaccharides
 h.
disaccharides
 

 56. 
Pick the monosaccharides in lactose
 a.
deoxyribose
 e.
fructose
 b.
glucose
 f.
ribulose
 c.
xylose
 g.
galactose
 d.
ribose
 h.
glyceraldehyde
 

 57. 
Pick the monosaccharides in sucrose
 a.
xylose
 e.
fructose
 b.
ribulose
 f.
galactose
 c.
glyceraldehyde
 g.
ribose
 d.
deoxyribose
 h.
glucose
 

 58. 
Check all the roles of carbohydrates. (2)
 a.
body structure of animals
 e.
protection
 b.
animals first energy source
 f.
serve as hormones
 c.
store genetic information
 g.
warmth and insulation
 d.
animals second energy source
 h.
plant structure
 

 59. 
Choose the functions of lipids.
 a.
first energy source
 e.
insulation, warmth
 b.
second energy source
 f.
functions as enzymes
 c.
stores genetic information
 g.
plant cell wall structure
 d.
provides structure
 h.
protection from mechanical shock
 

 60. 
Check all that make up a triglyceride.
 a.
3 fatty acid tails
 e.
pleated sheet
 b.
5 carbon sugar
 f.
glycerol head
 c.
nucleotide
 g.
alpha helix
 d.
phosphate group
 h.
nitrogen base
 

 61. 
What three things make up a phospholipid?
 a.
3 fatty acid tails
 e.
pleated sheet
 b.
2 fatty acid tails
 f.
a nitrogen base
 c.
alpha helix
 g.
glycerol head
 d.
a 5 carbon sugar
 h.
phosphate group
 

 62. 
Which two functional groups are on each side of an amino acid?
 a.
OH
 e.
NHH
 b.
COOH
 f.
SH
 c.
R- C=O - R
 g.
R- O2P(OH)2
 d.
R - C=O
 

 63. 
Two types of nucleic acids are
 a.
DNA
 e.
RNA
 b.
FNA
 f.
SNA
 c.
HNA
 g.
VNA
 d.
PNA
 h.
YNA
 

 64. 
Check the four nitrogen bases in DNA.
 a.
U
 e.
F
 b.
E
 f.
T
 c.
G
 g.
X
 d.
C
 h.
A
 

 65. 
Check the four nitrogen bases in RNA.
 a.
Y
 e.
T
 b.
U
 f.
C
 c.
K
 g.
A
 d.
P
 h.
G
 

 66. 
Pick the two purines.
 a.
adenine
 d.
guanine
 b.
thymine
 e.
uracil
 c.
cytosine
 

 67. 
Pick the three pyramidines.
 a.
cytosine
 d.
adenine
 b.
guanine
 e.
uracil
 c.
thymine
 

 68. 
Which two sugars are found nucleic acids?
 a.
glyceraldehyde
 e.
glucose
 b.
deoxyribose
 f.
ribose
 c.
galactose
 g.
ribulose
 d.
sucrose
 h.
fructose
 

 69. 
What makes up the sides of the DNA molecule?
 a.
phosphates
 e.
COOH
 b.
nitrogen bases
 f.
NHH
 c.
ribose sugar
 g.
C=O
 d.
deoxyribose sugar
 h.
SH
 

 70. 
What makes up the rungs of the DNA ladder?
 a.
phosphates
 e.
deoxyribose sugar
 b.
ribose sugar
 f.
COOH
 c.
R-SH
 g.
nitrogen bases
 d.
hydrogen bonds
 h.
NHH
 

Completion
Complete each statement using the following word bank. Some used more than once!
adenosine triphosphate          alpha helix          beta pleated sheet          carbon         complementary base pairing           condensation          dehydration synthesis       double helix                      denature          enzymes          functional groups           hydrolysis         hydrophilic          hydrophobic          isomers         lock and key           molecular          pH          phosphate             primary          quaternary          structural          sugars          tertiary          water
 

 71. 
__________________ means attracted to water.
 

 

 72. 
____________________ means not attracted to water.
 

 

 73. 
Fructose and glucose are ______________________ of each other.
 

 

 74. 
Fructose and glucose have the same ________________ formula.
 

 

 75. 
Fructose and glucose have a different __________ formula.
 

 

 76. 
If I wanted to build a molecule, I would probably take away _____________.
 

 

 77. 
If  I wanted to tear down a molecule, I would probably add _____________.
 

 

 78. 
What is attached to a carbon backbone that gives molecules their characteristics?
 

 

 79. 
The process of tearing down molecules is called ___________________.
 

 

 80. 
The process of building molecules is called ___________________.
 

 

 81. 
Another name for condensation is called _________________________________.
 

 

 82. 
What else do I more than likely need to build a molecule or tear down a molecule other than water? ________________
 

 

 83. 
Carbohydrates are commonly referred to as ______________________.
 

 

 84. 
To destroy a proteins shape is to ________________ it.
 

 

 85. 
A straight unfolded line of amino acids is referred to as a _________________ structure.
 

 

 86. 
Amino acids in a spiral formation is known as an _______________________ secondary structure.
 

 

 87. 
Amino acids in a sheet formation is known as a _____________________ secondary structure.
 

 

 88. 
Primary and secondary structures all linked together make up a ______________ structure.
 

 

 89. 
Many primary and secondary structures linked together make up one complex. Many complexes together make up a _____________ structure.
 

 

 90. 
All amino acids have a central ____________ atom.
 

 

 91. 
Two things that will destroy a proteins shape are heat and __________.
 

 

 92. 
Enzymes fit substrates like a ______________________.
 

 

 93. 
The shape of a DNA molecule is called a ________________________.
 

 

 94. 
Certain nitrogen bases always pair up together. This is known as ____________________________________.
 

 

 95. 
The cellular energy molecule in our bodies is named ________________________.
 

 

 96. 
When ATP breaks down into ADP, one of the ________________ groups leaves.
 

 

 97. 
Instead of throwing adenosine diphosphate away, our body will recycle it back into adenosine triphosphate. This is accomplished by the process named _____________________.
 

 

 98. 
When ATP breaks down into ADP, it is accomplished by a process called ________________.
 

 

Matching
 
 
a.
hydroxyl
e.
amine
b.
carboxyl
f.
sulfhydryl
c.
ketone
g.
phosphate
d.
aldehyde
h.
methyl
 

 99. 

 R- NHH OR NH2
 

 100. 

 R- O2P(OH)2
 

 101. 

 R- C=O-OH or -COOH
 

 102. 

 R- C=O
 

 103. 

 R- CH3
 

 104. 

 R- SH
 

 105. 

 R - C=O - R
 

 106. 

 R-OH
 
 
Match carbohydrates
a.
chitin
f.
galactose
b.
cellulose
g.
sucrose
c.
glycogen
h.
glucose
d.
starch
i.
ribose
e.
fructose
j.
deoxyribose
 

 107. 

 known as fruit sugar
 

 108. 

 found in plant cell walls
 

 109. 

 most popular sugar for cells
 

 110. 

 DNA sugar
 

 111. 

 stored in animals
 

 112. 

 known as milk sugar
 

 113. 

 RNA sugar
 

 114. 

 stored in plants
 

 115. 

 known as table sugar
 

 116. 

 found in exoskeleton of insects
 
 
Lipids
a.
triglyceride
c.
phospholipid
b.
wax
d.
steroid
 

 117. 

 has 4 fused carbon rings
 

 118. 

 a neutral fat
 

 119. 

 makes up cell membranes
 

 120. 

 traps dust and dirt particles to protect ear drum
 

 121. 

 functions as hormones
 



 
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