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Bio II Ch. 15 Groupwork Assignment

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
Mutated bread mold spores will grow on minimal medium.
 

 2. 
There are T’s in RNA.
 

 3. 
There are not any nucleotides in RNA since it is a single strand.
 

 4. 
RNA is double stranded.
 

 5. 
The mRNA strand is read in the nucleus.
 

 6. 
RNA has a helix shape.
 

 7. 
The genetic code is a universal code used by all organisms.
 

 8. 
More than one mRNA strand can be synthesized at a time off of a single DNA molecule.
 

 9. 
More than one ribosome can be reading a single mRNA strand.
 

 10. 
Thousands of copies of the same mRNA can be read to produce the same protein within a short period of time.
 

 11. 
Even though the tRNA is single stranded, it can fold on itself and base pair.
 

 12. 
Some tRNA molecules can pair with more than one codon.
 

 13. 
There are fewer tRNA’s than there are codons.
 

 14. 
RNA polymerase proofreads.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 15. 
Who were the two scientists that worked with the sickle cell trait to determine if a mutation leads to a change in the structure of a protein?
a.
Marshall Nirenberg and J. Heinrich Matthei
b.
James Watson and Francis Crick
c.
Frederick Griffith and Oswald Avery
d.
Rosalind Franklin and Erwin Chargaff
e.
Linus Pauling and Harvey Itano
f.
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
g.
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
h.
Gearge Beadle and Edward Tatum
 

 16. 
What lab technique did the scientists use to prove this?
a.
chromotography
e.
polymorphism analysis
b.
gel electrophoresis
f.
making recombinant DNA
c.
spectrotometry
g.
gene mapping
d.
PCR amplification
h.
genetic engineering
 

 17. 
How many amino acids are different between normal and sickle shaped blood cells?
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 18. 
Which scientist came up with the phrase, “inborn error of metabolism”?
a.
Greger Mendel
e.
Barbara McClintock
b.
Friedrich Mieschner
f.
Frederick Griffith
c.
Thomas Hunt Morgan
g.
Oswald Avery
d.
Vernon Ingram
h.
Archibald Garrod
 

 19. 
What did this scientist notice?
a.
the DNA in family members are different
b.
sick family members had too much DNA
c.
family members with defects did not have any RNA
d.
family members with defects had defective RNA
e.
mutations can not occur in people with defects
f.
family members often exhibited the same disorder
g.
family members with defects had a terrible diet
h.
environmental mutagens are the cause of all defects
 

 20. 
Who were the two scientists that worked with bread mold to induce mutations?
a.
Marshal Nirenberg and J. Heinrich Matthei
b.
James Watson and Francis Crick
c.
Frederick Griffith and Oswald Avery
d.
Rosalinf Franklin and Erwin Chargaff
e.
Linus Pauling and Harvey Itano
f.
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
g.
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
h.
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
 

 21. 
Which scientist was able to determine the structural difference between normal and sickle cell blood cells?
a.
Greger Mendel
e.
Barabara McClintock
b.
Friedrich Mieschner
f.
Frederick Griffith
c.
Thomas Hunt Morgan
g.
Oswald Avery
d.
Vernon Ingram
h.
Archibald Garrod
 

 22. 
Where is mRNA made?
a.
ribosome
e.
nucleolus
b.
nucleus
f.
vesicle
c.
golgi body
g.
centriole
d.
endoplasmic reticulum
h.
lysosome
 

 23. 
Where do the instructions to make mRNA come from?
a.
promoters
e.
enhancers
b.
ribosomes
f.
RNA
c.
ATP
g.
DNA
d.
operaters
h.
proteins
 

 24. 
Which enzyme matches up the nitrogen base pairs in DNA?
a.
topoisomerase
e.
DNA polymerase
b.
telomerase
f.
RNA polymerase
c.
primase
g.
ligase
d.
nuclease
h.
helicase
 

 25. 
Which enzyme matches up the nitrogen base pairs in RNA?
a.
topoisomerase
e.
DNA polymeerase
b.
telomerase
f.
RNA polymerase
c.
primase
g.
ligase
d.
nuclease
h.
helicase
 

 26. 
Which sugar is in RNA?
a.
fructose
e.
glucose
b.
sucrose
f.
galactose
c.
ribose
g.
deoxyribose
d.
lactose
h.
maltose
 

 27. 
Which is the correct path for the central dogma of molecular biology?
a.
DNA --> RNA --> protein
d.
RNA --> protein --> DNA
b.
DNA --> protein --> RNA
e.
protein --> DNA --> RNA
c.
RNA --> DNA --> protein
f.
protein --> RNA --> DNA
 

 28. 
With the four nitrogen bases, how many are used to give you 4 different combinations?
a.
1
e.
16
b.
2
f.
32
c.
4
g.
64
d.
8
h.
128
 

 29. 
With the four nitrogen bases, how many are used to give you 16 different combinations?
a.
1
e.
16
b.
2
f.
32
c.
4
g.
64
d.
8
h.
128
 

 30. 
With the four nitrogen bases, how many are used to give you 64 different combinations?
a.
1
e.
16
b.
2
f.
32
c.
4
g.
64
d.
8
h.
128
 

 31. 
There are ________ different amino acids.
a.
3
e.
20
b.
4
f.
40
c.
8
g.
64
d.
16
h.
128
 

 32. 
Who were the two scientists that laid the groundwork to crack the genetic code?
a.
Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl
b.
George Beadle and Edward Tatum
c.
Linus Pauling and Harvey Itano
d.
Marshal Nirenberg and J. Heinrich Matthei
e.
James Watson and Francis Crick
f.
Erwin Chargaff and Rosalind Franklin
g.
Frederick Griffith and Oswald Avery
h.
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
 

 33. 
Which amino acid code was discovered first?
a.
phenylanine
e.
tryptophan
b.
valine
f.
arginine
c.
glycine
g.
uracil
d.
histidine
h.
threonine
 

 34. 
Which is not an important property of the genetic code?
a.
it has start and stop signals
c.
it is unique to animals
b.
it is degenerate
d.
it is unambiguous
 

 35. 
Which scientist helped Nirenberg develop a cell free system to break the genetic code?
a.
Rosalind Franklin
e.
Barbara McClintock
b.
Philip Leder
f.
Erwin Chargaff
c.
Oswald Avery
g.
Vernon Ingram
d.
Frederick Griffith
h.
Greger Mendel
 

 36. 
How many start codons are there?
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 37. 
How many stop codons are there?
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 38. 
Which enzyme connects mRNA into one piece after processing?
a.
helicase
e.
primase
b.
ligase
f.
splicesome
c.
RNA polymerase
g.
topoisomerase
d.
DNA polymerase
h.
telomerase
 

 39. 
Which is cut out during processing?
a.
introns
b.
exons
 

 40. 
Which part dangles off the side of the DNA molecule?
a.
newest part of the RNA molecule
b.
oldest part of the RNA molecule
 

 41. 
What makes up the cap on a mRNA strand?
a.
modified cytosine
e.
poly-C tail
b.
modified uracil
f.
poly-U tail
c.
modified adenine
g.
poly-A tail
d.
modified guanine
h.
poly-G tail
 

 42. 
What makes up the tail on a mRNA strand?
a.
modified cytosine
e.
poly-C tail
b.
modified uracil
f.
poly-U tail
c.
modified adenine
g.
poly-A tail
d.
modified guanine
h.
poly-G tail
 

 43. 
Which has more introns?
a.
prokaryotic DNA
b.
eukaryotic DNA
 

 44. 
How many A’s are in a poly-A tail?
a.
0-50
e.
200-250
b.
50-100
f.
250-300
c.
100-150
g.
300-350
d.
150-200
h.
350-400
 

 45. 
A mRNA strand is made in the ___ prime to ___ prime direction.
a.
5, 3
b.
3, 5
 

 46. 
How does the mRNA strand get out of the nucleus?
a.
it leaves through a nuclear pore
b.
it is never there, it is made in the cytoplasm by a ribosome
c.
it is packaged in a vesicle in one piece
d.
it is packaged in many vescicles in many pieces
e.
the DNA leaves the nucleus and it is built in the cytoplasm
 

 47. 
Which organelle is responsible for reading mRNA?
a.
nucleolus
e.
lysosome
b.
nucleus
f.
endoplasmic reticulum
c.
ribosome
g.
vacuole
d.
golgi body
h.
centriole
 

 48. 
Which enzyme helps match the amino acids to the proper tRNA?
a.
DNA polymerase
e.
ligase
b.
RNA polymerase
f.
tRNA synthetases
c.
helicase
g.
primase
d.
topoisomerase
h.
nuclease
 

 49. 
Which has more ribosomes?
a.
prokaryotic cells
b.
eukaryotic cells
 

 50. 
The name of the amino acid comes from the sequence of
a.
codons
b.
anticodons
 

 51. 
How many subunits make up an rRNA molecule?
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 52. 
Where is rRNA made?
a.
nucleus
e.
golgi body
b.
ribosome
f.
centrioles
c.
endoplasmic reticulum
g.
lysosome
d.
nucleolus
h.
vacuole
 

 53. 
Which is not a step in translation.
a.
chain termination
c.
chain initiation
b.
chain duplication
d.
chain elongation
 

 54. 
In E. coli, translocation occurs as fast as ______ times per second.
a.
5
e.
25
b.
10
f.
30
c.
15
g.
35
d.
20
h.
40
 

 55. 
Which subunit attaches to the mRNA first, the large upper unit or the smaller lower unit?
a.
larger upper
b.
smaller lower
 

 56. 
What are initiation factors?
a.
proteins that are required for DNA replication
b.
proteins that are required for meiosis
c.
proteins that are required to bring the necessary translation components together
d.
proteins that are required for cell division
e.
proteins that are required for DNA superfolding
f.
proteins that are required for the hydrolysis of DNA
g.
proteins that enzymatically cleave the last tRNA during translation
h.
proteins involved in the removal of introns
 

 57. 
What are release factors?
a.
proteins that are required for DNA replication
b.
proteins that are required for meiosis
c.
proteins that are required to bring the necessary translation components together
d.
proteins that are required for cell division
e.
proteins that are required for DNA supercoiling
f.
proteins that are required for the hyhdrolysis of DNA
g.
proteins that enzymatically cleave the last tRNA during translation
h.
proteins involved in the removal of introns
 

 58. 
Which is not a mutagen?
a.
ultra violet light
e.
gamma rays
b.
water
f.
virus
c.
smoking
g.
sunlight
d.
chemicals
h.
X rays
 

 59. 
There are more mutations with
a.
DNA replication
b.
making RNA
 

 60. 
DNA has CTA. Name the anticodon this information codes for.
a.
CAU
e.
CUA
b.
GUT
f.
GAU
c.
CUT
g.
CTA
d.
GTA
h.
GUA
 

 61. 
DNA has CTA. Name the amino acid this information codes for.
a.
leucine
e.
valine
b.
arginine
f.
proline
c.
threonine
g.
alanine
d.
valine
h.
aspartate
 

 62. 
If a mutation occurs in germ cells, will the condition be cancer in the individual or a mutation passed on to the offspring?
a.
cancer in individual
b.
passed to offspring
 

 63. 
If you had to pick a particular mutation to have, which one should you choose?
a.
silent
c.
nonsense
b.
missense
d.
frameshift
 

 64. 
Enzymes do everything for us, so why are we so concerned about DNA and not the enzymes?
a.
because DNA has the information to make the enzymes
b.
because DNA is easier to manipulate compared to proteins
c.
because DNA is in every cell
d.
because proteins are easily denatured by heat and pH
e.
because DNA is easier to see compared to proteins
f.
because proteins are not found in all organisms
g.
because there are just 5 nucleotides and 20 amino acids
h.
because there are just two types of nucleic acids and thousands of proteins
 

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
 

 65. 
Which two things affect the movement of a molecule through gel electrophoresis?
 a.
color of the gel
 e.
charge of the molecule
 b.
enzymes in the gel
 f.
color of the buffer solution
 c.
pH of the gel
 g.
pH of the buffer solution
 d.
size of the molecule
 h.
enzymes in the buffer solution
 

 66. 
Choose the three types of RNA.
 a.
universal
 e.
transcriptional
 b.
messenger
 f.
transfer
 c.
nuclear
 g.
ribosomal
 d.
initiator
 h.
translational
 

 67. 
Choose the three things that happen to mRNA before it leaves the nucleus.
 a.
exons are cut out
 e.
introns are cut out
 b.
it as formed into a helix shape
 f.
it is primed with Okazaki fragments
 c.
capped with guanine
 g.
poly-A tail is put on
 d.
transcription factors are put in place
 h.
inducers are added
 

 68. 
Choose the two things found attached to the tRNA molecule.
 a.
anticodon
 e.
polypeptide
 b.
codon
 f.
modified guanine cap
 c.
small subunit
 g.
amino acid
 d.
large subunit
 h.
poly A-tail
 

 69. 
Choose the three sites found on a ribosome.
 a.
A
 e.
P
 b.
W
 f.
L
 c.
R
 g.
S
 d.
N
 h.
E
 

Completion
Complete each statement using the following word bank. Some may be used more than once.
A, G       chromosomes       codon       frameshift       gene       mature       mutagen       pathway       point       primary       promoter       ribozyme       transcription       translation       translocation       triplet       wobble
 

 70. 
In the Beadle and Tatum experiment, the induced mutations screwed up the hypothetical metabolic _________________.
 

 

 71. 
A ______________ is a sequence of DNA nucleotide bases that codes for a product.
 

 

 72. 
Writing the code onto mRNA is called ________________.
 

 

 73. 
Reading mRNA is called _______________.
 

 

 74. 
A set of three nitrogen bases on a mRNA molecule is called a(n) _________________.
 

 

 75. 
The genetic code is a ____________ code.
 

 

 76. 
An intron that is capable of cutting itself out of a mRNA molecule is called a __________________.
 

 

 77. 
A ___________ new mRNA transcript before processing is called a _________ transcript.
 

 

 78. 
A _____________ defines the start of a gene.
 

 

 79. 
A set of three nitrogen bases on a tRNA molecule is called a(n)_______________.
 

 

 80. 
If the anticodon has a U in the third position, it can pair with either an ____ or a _____ in the third position of a codon. (put answers in alphabetical order, in caps, in this form)      X, X
 

 

 81. 
A third position U anticodon pairing with two possible codon bases is called the __________ effect.
 

 

 82. 
When tRNA molecules move from site to site, it is called ______________.
 

 

 83. 
If a whole nucleotide is either dropped or added, it is called a ______________ mutation.
 

 

 84. 
If one single nucleotide is different, this is called a ___________ mutation.
 

 

 85. 
Anything that can cause a mutation is called a ______________.
 

 

 86. 
Genes are located on _____________.
 

 

 87. 
A mRNA transcript after processing is called a _____________ transcript.
 

 

Matching
 
 
Mutations
a.
silent
c.
nonsense
b.
missense
 

 88. 

 mutation codes for a stop codon in the middle of a protein
 

 89. 

 mutation codes for a different amino acid in the protein
 

 90. 

 mutation does not change the amino acid coded for in the protein
 



 
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