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Bio II Ch. 6 Groupwork Assignment

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
We can convert lost energy to usable energy.
 

 2. 
The entropy of the universe spontaneously increases.
 

 3. 
When gasoline is burned in our vehicles, we use 100% of the available chemical energy from the gasoline to power the engine.
 

 4. 
Endergonic reactions can only occur if there is an input of energy.
 

 5. 
ATP is constantly being regenerated from ADP.
 

 6. 
A human can run out of ATP in a working muscle while strenuously exercising.
 

 7. 
Diffusion never stops.
 

 8. 
Phosphorylation deactivates enzymes.
 

 9. 
Enzymes work in an optimum pH range.
 

 10. 
Enzymes work in an optimum temperature range.
 

 11. 
Poisons are often enzyme inhibitors.
 

 12. 
After a chemical reaction has occured, enzymes are recycled back into a usable state.
 

 13. 
Enzymes can help build up or tear down molecules.
 

 14. 
It is estimated 95% of all enzymes build molecules.
 

 15. 
Enzymes are lightning fast and can easily act on hundreds and even thousands of substrate molecules per second.
 

 16. 
Boiling a solution will increase enzyme activity.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 17. 
What does a negative delta G mean?
a.
there is no energy available for the reaction
b.
there is too much energy for the reaction
c.
the products have less free energy than the reactants
d.
the reactants have less free energy than the products
e.
there is no ATP available
f.
there is no ADP available
g.
the reaction is coupled
h.
the reaction is not part of a pathway
 

 18. 
What does a positive delta G mean?
a.
there is no energy available for the reaction
b.
there is too much energy for the reaction
c.
the products have less free energy than the reactants
d.
the reactants have less free energy than the products
e.
there is no ATP available
f.
there is no ADP available
g.
the reaction is coupled
h.
the reaction is not part of a pathway
 

 19. 
What is coupling?
a.
when the products have more energy than the reactants
b.
when the reactants have more energy than the products
c.
when there is no ATP available for a reaction
d.
when there is no ADP available for a reaction
e.
when there is too much energy for a reaction
f.
when there is not any energy for a reaction
g.
when the energy released by an exergonic reaction is used to drive an endergonic reaction
h.
when ADP cycles back to ATP and back to ADP again
 

 20. 
Only ____% of the free energy of glucose is transformed to ATP.
a.
9
e.
49
b.
19
f.
59
c.
29
g.
69
d.
39
h.
79
 

 21. 
Why are chemical reactions broken down into pathways?
a.
so the pH does not go outside of homeostatic limits
b.
so the reaction is not shut down by feedback control
c.
so enzymes can be used up at each step
d.
so the energy of activation is not too low
e.
so molecules are not harmed by too little energy
f.
to maintain a difference between the allosteric site and the active site
g.
so the energy of activation is not too high
h.
so molecules are not harmed by too much energy
 

 22. 
Do enzymes raise or lower the activation energy?
a.
raise
b.
lower
 

 23. 
Which is not an advantage of using ATP for cellular energy?
a.
it raises the amount of entropy in a cell
b.
it is a common energy currency that can be used in many different types of reactions
c.
it can be coupled to endergonic reactions
d.
little energy is wasted
 

 24. 
How do molecules become reduced?
a.
they lose electrons
e.
they gain electrons
b.
they lose protons
f.
they lose atoms
c.
they gain neutrons
g.
they lose neutrons
d.
they change shape
h.
they gain protons
 

 25. 
Where did the electrons at the top of the electron transport chain originally come from?
a.
chlorophyll
e.
nitrogen
b.
oxygen
f.
carbon
c.
carbon dioxide
g.
hydrogen
d.
water or food
h.
breakdown of nucleic acids
 

 26. 
How did the electrons get to the top of the electron transport chain?
a.
cofactors put them there
b.
enzymes put them there
c.
when ADP is built up into ATP they are produced
d.
they were always there
e.
NAD+, NADP+, and FAD carry them
f.
when ATP breaks down into ADP it produces them
g.
come from the denaturing of proteins
h.
chemiosmosis puts them there
 

 27. 
How do H+ ions know to go through a specific gate, pore, or channel?
a.
they are always smaller than the gate
b.
they go through any gate
c.
they fit chemically
d.
they go through positively charged gates
e.
they go through negatively charged gates
f.
they are forced through by pressure
g.
there are holes in the membrane that are always open
h.
many subunits are joined together to form a polymer
 

 28. 
Which organelle is involved with the production of ATP?
a.
centrioles
e.
lysosome
b.
vacuole
f.
mitochondrion
c.
endoplasmic reticulum
g.
chloroplast
d.
ribosomes
h.
golgi body
 

 29. 
The element ___________________ is the final electron acceptor during aerobic respiration.
a.
oxygen
e.
calcium
b.
carbon
f.
phosphorous
c.
hydrogen
g.
sodium
d.
nitrogen
h.
sulfer
 

 30. 
When the final electron acceptor accepts electrons, it will form _____________ as a byproduct.
a.
water
e.
glucose
b.
carbon dioxide
f.
ribose
c.
oxygen
g.
protein
d.
nitrogen
h.
lipids
 

 31. 
How would I activate an enzyme?
a.
add an oxygen to it
b.
turn ADP into ATP
c.
dephosphorylate it
d.
add water to it
e.
raise the activation energy
f.
add a phosphate to it
g.
alter the shape so it does not fit
h.
drastically raise or lower the temperature
 

 32. 
Which molecules are responsible for activating enzymes?
a.
hydroxide ions
e.
amino groups
b.
kinases
f.
phosphatases
c.
hydrogen ions
g.
ketone groups
d.
carboxyl groups
h.
sulfhydryl groups
 

 33. 
Are vitamins organic or inorganic?
a.
organic
b.
inorganic
 

 34. 
Are minerals organic or inorganic?
a.
organic
b.
inorganic
 

 35. 
Most enzymes are
a.
carbohydrates
c.
lipids
b.
nucleic acids
d.
proteins
 

 36. 
Enzyme names end in
a.
ase
e.
ide
b.
ion
f.
ous
c.
ed
g.
gy
d.
er
h.
in
 

 37. 
Is the equation A + B --> C + D reversible?
a.
yes
b.
no
 

 38. 
How do certain poisons work to kill a human?
a.
they do not allow coupling to occur
b.
they produce too much ATP
c.
they break down covalent bonds in molecules
d.
they break down ionic bonds in molecules
e.
they take away the polarity of molecules
f.
they lower or raise the pH to extreme levels
g.
they inhibit enzymes and shut down metabolic pathways
h.
they stop diffusion
 

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
 

 39. 
Choose the two coenzymes that are electron carriers in the electron transport system.
 a.
RuBP+
 e.
ADP+
 b.
NAD+
 f.
ATP+
 c.
GP3+
 g.
GTP+
 d.
PEP+
 h.
NADP+
 

Completion
Complete each statement with the following word bank. Some are used more than once.
active site       active transport       allosteric       ATP       ATP synthase       changed       chemical       chemiosmosis       coenzyme       cofactor       competitive       conservation of energy       coupled       created       delta G       dephosphorylation       destroyed       equalibrium       endergonic       energy       entropy       exergonic       feedback       form       free energy       gradient       heat       induced fit       kinetic       loss of usable energy       mechanical       metabolism       noncompetitive        oxidation       phosphorylation       photosynthesis       potential       products       reactants       redox       reduction       respiration       reversible       substrates       sun       transport
 

 40. 
____________________ is the capacity to do work.
 

 

 41. 
The first law of thermodynamics is called the law of _______________________.
 

 

 42. 
Stored energy is referred to as __________________ energy.
 

 

 43. 
___________________ is a measure of randomness or disorder.
 

 

 44. 
Energy of motion is called __________________ energy.
 

 

 45. 
Usually, lost energy is in the form of _______________.
 

 

 46. 
The second law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be changed from one to another without a _______________________________
 

 

 47. 
We need ____________ to maintain organization.
 

 

 48. 
This question starts a series that continues to question #51
Energy cannot be _________________
 

 

 49. 
Continuation of #48
or _______________________
 

 

 50. 
Continuation of #49
but can only be _________________
 

 

 51. 
Continuation of #50
from one ___________ to another.
 

 

 52. 
________________________ is the amount of energy available to do work after a chemical reaction has occured.
 

 

 53. 
A type of reaction where the products have more energy than the reactants is called an ________________ reaction.
 

 

 54. 
A type of reaction in which the reactants have more energy than the products is called an ____________________ reaction.
 

 

 55. 
A type of reaction where the products and reactants have a relative equal amount of energy is called a _______________________ reaction.
 

 

 56. 
__________________ is the sum of all the biochemical pathways of the cell.
 

 

 57. 
The common energy currency of cells is ____________.
 

 

 58. 
Free energy is measured as ____________.
 

 

 59. 
The breakdown of ATP is an _______________ reaction.
 

 

 60. 
This question is the first in a series with the next three. Put the answers in alphabetical order.
Three types of cellular work performed by ATP are ____________ work
 

 

 61. 
Continuation of #60. Put in alphabetical order.
Three types of cellular work performed by ATP:______________ work
 

 

 62. 
Continuation of #60 and #61.  Put in alphabetical order.
Three types of cellular work performed by ATP:______________ work
 

 

 63. 
If a reaction is reduced then oxidized, it is known as a ______________ reaction.
 

 

 64. 
_________________________ is the production of ATP due to a hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane.
 

 

 65. 
Diffusion will always move molecules from a region of high concentration to a low concentration until it reaches _________________.
 

 

 66. 
When electrons are passed along the transport chain, the energy given off is used to drive the process of _______________________________.
 

 

 67. 
When hydrogen ions move from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration, they move through the ___________________ complexes.
 

 

 68. 
The energy produced in the electron transport chain is used to set up a hydrogen ion _________________.
 

 

 69. 
Plants capture the sun’s energy energy and turn it into glucose by the process of __________________________.
 

 

 70. 
Breaking down glucose to make ATP is a process called _____________________________.
 

 

 71. 
Slowing an enzyme down by a molecule binding to the allosteric site and changing the shape of the enzyme, is referred to as _______________ inhibition.
 

 

 72. 
Slowing an enzyme down by having molecules similar in size and shape fight for the active site on an enzyme is referred to as _______________ inhibition.
 

 

 73. 
If I wanted to stop an enzyme through inhibition, the process would be called ________________________ inhibition.
 

 

 74. 
An inorganic helper of enzymes is called a ___________________.
 

 

 75. 
An organic helper of enzymes is called a ___________________.
 

 

 76. 
Gaining an electron is referred to as ___________________.
 

 

 77. 
Losing an electron is referred to as ____________________.
 

 

 78. 
Enzymes act on ________________.
 

 

 79. 
Substrates attach to an enzyme at the _____________________.
 

 

 80. 
The energy you are using right now to do this assignment originally came from the ___________.
 

 

 81. 
Muscle contractions and nerve impulses are ________________ reactions.
 

 

 82. 
The energy released from one reaction is used to drive a different reaction. This is known as a ________________________ reaction.
 

 

 83. 
A + B --> C + D The letters to the left of the arrow are called the _________________.
 

 

 84. 
A + B --> C + D The letters to the right of the arrow are called the ________________.
 

 

 85. 
When enzymes are shut down, a final product will bind with an enzyme at its _________________ site and change the enzymes shape.
 

 

 86. 
Enzymes will undergo a slight alteration to achieve an optimum fit. This is known as as the ____________________________ model.
 

 

 87. 
Enzymes are named for their _________________ because they are specific to them.
 

 

 88. 
Adding a phosphate is called _____________________.
 

 

 89. 
Removing a phosphate is called __________________.
 

 



 
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