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Ch. 19 Test A

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Prokaryotes are single-celled organisms that lack a
a.
cell wall.
c.
definite shape.
b.
cell membrane.
d.
nucleus.
 

 2. 
The structure labeled C in Figure 19-1 is

mc002-1.jpg

Figure 19-1
a.
DNA.
c.
the nucleus.
b.
an organelle.
d.
a high-energy sugar.
 

 3. 
Which of the following statements is NOT true about archaebacteria?
a.
They are thought to be ancestors of eukaryotes.
b.
Many live in harsh environments.
c.
They lack peptidoglycan in their cell wall.
d.
They make up the largest kingdom of prokaryotes.
 

 4. 
Spherical prokaryotes are called
a.
spirilla.
c.
cocci.
b.
flagella.
d.
bacilli.
 

 5. 
When treated with Gram stain, Gram-positive bacteria appear
a.
violet.
c.
yellow.
b.
pink.
d.
orange.
 

 6. 
Unlike photoautotrophs, chemoautotrophs obtain energy
a.
directly from the sun.
b.
directly from chemical reactions.
c.
indirectly from carbon molecules.
d.
indirectly from other organisms.
 

 7. 
Which of the following describes a role of bacteria in the environment?
a.
carrying out photosynthesis
c.
fixing nitrogen
b.
recycling nutrients
d.
all of the above
 

 8. 
Humans use bacteria in all of the following ways EXCEPT to
a.
clean up small oil spills.
b.
make butter and milk.
c.
mine minerals from the ground.
d.
synthesize drugs.
 

 9. 
What is the basic structure of a virus?
a.
DNA or RNA surrounded by a protein coat
b.
a capsid surrounded by a protein coat
c.
a tail sheath surrounded by tail fibers
d.
a tiny cell surrounded by a cell wall
 

 10. 
Bacteriophages infect
a.
other viruses.
c.
any available host cell.
b.
bacteria only.
d.
cells undergoing the lytic cycle.
 

 11. 
Viruses that contain RNA as their genetic information are called
a.
prophages.
c.
retroviruses.
b.
bacteriophages.
d.
capsids.
 

 12. 
What did French chemist Louis Pasteur help establish?
a.
that lytic infections involved cell bursting
b.
that bacteria were responsible for some diseases
c.
that antibiotics were effective against bacteria
d.
that viral diseases disrupt the body’s equilibrium
 

 13. 
What can a vaccine do when it is injected into the body?
a.
prompt the body to produce immunity to a disease
b.
produce toxins that disrupt bacterial equilibrium
c.
use bacterial cells for food
d.
destroy new pathogens as they arise in the body
 

 14. 
Which of the following diseases is NOT caused by a virus?
a.
tetanus
c.
AIDS
b.
influenza
d.
chickenpox
 

 15. 
Which of the following is NOT true about prions?
a.
They are particles composed only of protein.
b.
They are single-stranded RNA molecules with no capsid.
c.
They can cause disease in humans.
d.
They contain no RNA or DNA.
 

Completion
Complete each statement using the following terms:

tail sheath     bacillus     tail fiber     nitrogen fixation     prophage
 

 16. 
The organism labeled A in Figure 19-2 is an example of a(an) ____________________.

co016-1.jpg

Figure 19–2
 

 

 17. 
The knoblike root nodules of soybean plants are the sites of ____________________.
 

 

 18. 
In a lysogenic infection, the viral DNA that is embedded in a host cell’s DNA is called a(an) ____________________.
 

 
 
nar001-1.jpg

Figure 19–3
 

 19. 
In Figure 19-3, the structure labeled D is a(an) ____________________.
 

 

 20. 
The structure labeled B in Figure 19-3 is the ____________________.
 

 



 
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