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Bio II Ch. 2 Groupwork Assignment

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 1. 
Living and nonliving material are made up of elements.
 

 2. 
Protons and neutrons are roughly equal in weight.
 

 3. 
Protons and electrons are roughly equal in weight.
 

 4. 
Protons and electrons are equal in their power of charge.
 

 5. 
Atoms have potential energy.
 

 6. 
Protons are the only subatomic particle found in the nucleus.
 

 7. 
All covalent bonds share only one electron.
 

 8. 
Water is a polar molecule.
 

 9. 
If it wasn’t for hydrogen bonding, our blood would boil at room temperature.
 

 10. 
Liquid water is less dense than ice.
 

 11. 
0-7 on the pH scale refers to a solution being basic.
 

 12. 
If something is considered neutral, it has an equal number of acids and bases.
 

 13. 
Water is a great dissolver of non-polar molecules.
 

 14. 
Most of water’s unique properties are due to hydrogen bonding.
 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 15. 
There are _____ naturally occuring elements.
a.
22
e.
62
b.
32
f.
72
c.
42
g.
82
d.
52
h.
92
 

 16. 
The first shell of an atom can hold a maximum of ______ electrons.
a.
1
e.
5
b.
2
f.
6
c.
3
g.
7
d.
4
h.
8
 

 17. 
The second shell of atom can hold a maximum of _____ electrons.
a.
2
e.
16
b.
4
f.
18
c.
8
g.
32
d.
10
h.
64
 

 18. 
The third shell of an electron can hold a maximum of  _____ electrons
a.
2
e.
18
b.
4
f.
32
c.
8
g.
64
d.
16
h.
128
 

 19. 
The first shell of an atom is named
a.
H
e.
L
b.
I
f.
M
c.
J
g.
N
d.
K
h.
O
 

 20. 
The second shell of an atom is named
a.
H
e.
L
b.
I
f.
M
c.
J
g.
N
d.
K
h.
O
 

 21. 
The third shell of an atom is named
a.
M
e.
Q
b.
N
f.
R
c.
O
g.
S
d.
P
h.
T
 

 22. 
Which one of these is not one of the seven common elements found in living organisms?
a.
O
e.
P
b.
H
f.
C
c.
S
g.
Si
d.
Ca
h.
N
 

 23. 
What is the atomic number of an atom?
a.
the total number of neutrons in an atom
b.
the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
c.
the total number of protons and electrons in an atom
d.
the total number of electrons in an atom
e.
the total number of neutrons and electrons in an atom
f.
the total number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom
g.
the total number of protons in an atom
h.
the total number of electrons the atom can share or donate
 

 24. 
What is the atomic weight or mass number of an atom?
a.
the number of protons in an atom
b.
the number of neutrons in an atom
c.
the total number of protons and neutrons in an atom
d.
the number of electrons in an atom
e.
the number of protons, nutrons, and electrons in an atom
f.
the total number of protons and electrons in an atom
g.
the total number of electrons an atom can donate or share
h.
the total number of neutrons and electrons in an atom
 

 25. 
How can I create an isotope?
a.
add or take away protons
b.
add or take away neutrons
c.
add or take away electrons
d.
add or take away protons and neutrons
e.
add or take away protons and electrons
f.
add or take away protons, neutrons, and electrons
g.
add or take away neutrons and electrons
h.
make sure the outer shell is full
 

 26. 
Electrons weigh about 1/_____________ of a proton
a.
100
e.
1,600
b.
500
f.
1,700
c.
1,000
g.
1,800
d.
1,500
h.
1,900
 

 27. 
Isotopes are radioactive. In other words, they emit subatomic bullets. Which is not a use for isotopes?
a.
tracers for medicine
b.
radiocarbon dating
c.
tracers for biochemical steps
d.
energy source
 

 28. 
C6H12O6 is a ________________ formula
a.
molecular
b.
structural
 

 29. 
How can I create an ion?
a.
add or take away protons
b.
add or take away neutrons
c.
add or take away electrons
d.
add or take away protons and neutrons
e.
add or take away protons and electrons
f.
add or take away neutrons and electrons
g.
add or take away protons, neutrons, and electrons
h.
make sure the outer shell is empty
 

 30. 
Which is an unequal sharing of electrons?
a.
non-polar
b.
polar
 

 31. 
Why is water a great solvent?
a.
because it is a neutral molecule
b.
because the molecule is evenly balanced with atoms
c.
because of waters polarity
d.
because of its small size
e.
because of waters resistance to change states
f.
because of waters high surface tension
g.
because of waters cohesiveness
h.
because of waters resistance to temperature change
 

 32. 
The difference in the hydrogen ion concentration between 8 and 12 on the pH scale is
a.
1X
e.
10,000X
b.
10X
f.
100,000X
c.
100X
g.
1,000,000X
d.
1,000X
h.
10,000,000X
 

 33. 
Which is not a unique property of water?
a.
universal solvent
e.
resists changes in temperature
b.
adhesive
f.
has a high surface tension
c.
less dense as ice than as liquid water
g.
produces energy
d.
resists changes of state
h.
cohesive
 

Multiple Response
Identify one or more choices that best complete the statement or answer the question.
 

 34. 
Which are the three basic forms of matter.
 a.
solid
 e.
gas
 b.
ice
 f.
cold
 c.
liquid
 g.
electrical
 d.
heat
 h.
positive and negative
 

 35. 
Choose the orbitals of the second energy level.
 a.
1S
 e.
2PX
 b.
2S
 f.
2PY
 c.
1P
 g.
2PZ
 d.
2P
 h.
2PXYZ
 

 36. 
H
 a.
is a molecule
 c.
is a compound
 b.
is an element
 

 37. 
H2
 a.
is a molecule
 c.
is a compound
 b.
is an element
 

 38. 
H2O
 a.
is a molecule
 c.
is a compound
 b.
is an element
 

Completion
Complete each statement using the following word bank. Some are used more than once!
acids       adhesive         atoms         bases         buffers         cohesive         covalent      dumbbell     elements       energy       fourteen     full outer shell       H+       hydrogen     hydrophilic     hydrophobic     gaining       ionic        kinetic       losing       matter       neutral       octet rule     OH-       orbital     polar covalent       potential     seven     spherical
 

 39. 
__________________ is anything that takes up space and has mass.
 

 

 40. 
Elements are made up of ________________.
 

 

 41. 
All atoms are electrically _____________.
 

 

 42. 
Matter is composed of ____________.
 

 

 43. 
The third shell can be satisfied, happy, or stable with eight electrons. What is this rule called?
 

 

 44. 
_________________ is the ability to do work.
 

 

 45. 
An _________________ is the volume of space where a rapidly moving electron is going bezerk.
 

 

 46. 
Energy which is being used is called _________ energy.
 

 

 47. 
Energy which is being stored is called ___________ energy.
 

 

 48. 
The first electron orbital is ___________ in shape.
 

 

 49. 
The term oxidation refers to ________ an electron.
 

 

 50. 
The term reduction refers to __________ an electron.
 

 

 51. 
The second shell has one sherical shape orbital and three ______________ shaped orbitals.
 

 

 52. 
Atoms bond in a variety of ways. If they gain or lose electrons, it is called _______________ bonding.
 

 

 53. 
Atoms bond in a variety of ways. If an atom shares electrons, it called a ______________ bond.
 

 

 54. 
Atoms bond in a variety of ways. If molecules are attracted by a weak pull, because of the attraction of the slight polar charges of H, then it is called a ____________________ bond.
 

 

 55. 
Atoms bond in a variety of ways. If there is an unequal sharing of electrons, it called a ________________ bond.
 

 

 56. 
The term oxidation refers to ___________________ an electron.
 

 

 57. 
The term reduction refers to ___________________ an electron.
 

 

 58. 
All atoms want or strive to attain a _______________________.
 

 

 59. 
What is the chemical symbol for a hydrogen ion?
 

 

 60. 
What is the chemical symbol for a hydroxide ion?
 

 

 61. 
The numbers on a pH scale range from 0 to _____.
 

 

 62. 
The number ____ on the pH scale is considered neutral.
 

 

 63. 
What do we have in our body that prevents our pH from becoming too acidic or too basic?
 

 

 64. 
Water molecules stick to other water molecules because they are _______________.
 

 

 65. 
Water molecules, being polar, can stick to other substances because it  is _________________.
 

 

 66. 
____________ are molecules that dissociate in water and release hydrogen ions.
 

 

 67. 
______________ are molecules that either take up hydrogen ions or release hydroxide ions.
 

 

 68. 
Molecules that can attract water are said to be ________________.
 

 

 69. 
Molecules that are not attracted to water are said to be _________________.
 

 

Matching
 
 
a.
protons
c.
electrons
b.
neutrons
 

 70. 

 positive charge
 

 71. 

 negative charge
 

 72. 

 no charge
 

 73. 

 found orbiting the nucleus
 
 
a.
structural formula for water
c.
molecular formula for water
b.
structural formula for carbon dioxide
d.
molecular formula for carbon dioxide
 

 74. 

 CO2
 

 75. 

 O=C=O
 

 76. 

 H-O-H
 

 77. 

 H2O
 



 
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