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Ch. 32 Mammals

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which sequence correctly describes the path of newly swallowed plant food through the digestive tract of a cow?
a.
rest of stomach mc001-1.jpg mouth mc001-2.jpg rumen mc001-3.jpg intestines
b.
rest of stomach mc001-4.jpg mouth mc001-5.jpg intestines mc001-6.jpg rumen
c.
rumen mc001-7.jpg mouth mc001-8.jpg rest of stomach mc001-9.jpg intestines
d.
rumen mc001-10.jpg rest of stomach mc001-11.jpg mouth mc001-12.jpg intestines
 

 2. 
Hominids differ from other primates on the basis of all of the following EXCEPT
a.
method of locomotion.
b.
brain size.
c.
method of reproduction.
d.
shape of the hip bones.
 

 3. 
A primate that is blind in one eye would have difficulty
a.
holding an object in the hand that is on the same side as that eye.
b.
distinguishing between objects on the basis of their color.
c.
estimating the distance to an unfamiliar object.
d.
seeing the full range of colors that a primate with two eyes can see.
 

 4. 
Convergent evolution has occurred in mammals because
a.
different mammals eat the same foods.
b.
continents have drifted apart.
c.
climate underwent changes in the past.
d.
similar ecological opportunities have existed in widely separated places.
 

 5. 
A mammal that cannot properly adjust its breathing rate under varying conditions probably has a defect in its
a.
spinal cord.
b.
cerebellum.
c.
medulla oblongata.
d.
cerebrum.
 

 6. 
A hoofed mammal is either a(an)
a.
perissodactyl or an artiodactyl.
b.
perissodactyl or a proboscidean.
c.
sirenian or a xenarthran.
d.
artiodactyl or a sirenian.
 

 7. 
The egg-laying mammals are called
a.
insectivores.
b.
monotremes.
c.
placental mammals.
d.
marsupials.
 

 8. 
Mammals of species X reproduce without forming a placenta. You could determine to which of the three groups of mammals species X belongs if you knew any of the following EXCEPT
a.
how it controls its body temperature.
b.
how its young obtain milk from the mother.
c.
how its reproductive and urinary systems connect to the outside of the body.
d.
what happens to its eggs after they are fertilized.
 

 9. 
An example of a prosimian is a(an)
a.
baboon.
b.
lemur.
c.
orangutan.
d.
spider monkey.
 

 10. 
Which body system includes the rumen?
a.
respiratory
b.
circulatory
c.
excretory
d.
digestive
 

 11. 
To determine whether a vertebrate is a bird or a mammal, it would be useful to know if it
a.
is an endotherm.
b.
has a four-chambered heart.
c.
breathes air.
d.
has hair.
 

 12. 
The similar appearance of armadillos and aardvarks is an example of
a.
social interaction.
b.
homeostasis.
c.
convergent evolution.
d.
continental drift.
 

 13. 
In which of the following mammals does an embryo spend the most time developing inside the mother?
a.
elephant
b.
koala
c.
kangaroo
d.
echidna
 

 14. 
The first true mammals appeared during the
a.
Permian Period.
b.
late Triassic Period.
c.
Cretaceous Period.
d.
Cenozoic Era.
 

 15. 
One group of mammals is reproductively different from the other two groups because its members
a.
are live-bearing.
b.
lay eggs.
c.
do not nourish their young with milk.
d.
reproduce by external fertilization.
 

 16. 
Having a thumb that can move against the other fingers makes it possible for a primate to
a.
display elaborate social behaviors.
b.
merge visual images.
c.
judge the locations of tree branches.
d.
hold objects firmly.
 

 17. 
The function of a placenta is to
a.
exchange materials between an embryo and its mother.
b.
store urine until it is eliminated from the body.
c.
store and process newly swallowed plant food.
d.
increase the volume of the chest cavity during breathing.
 

 18. 
Bipedal locomotion consists of
a.
walking on two feet.
b.
using the tail to grasp branches during walking.
c.
moving the big toe against the other digits.
d.
swinging from branch to branch.
 

 19. 
The three main groups of mammals are the
a.
rodents, carnivores, and primates.
b.
monotremes, marsupials, and placental mammals.
c.
platypuses, echidnas, and marsupials.
d.
kangaroos, koalas, and wombats.
 

 20. 
The mammalian circulatory system consists of
a.
one loop powered by a four-chambered heart.
b.
four separate loops powered by a two-chambered heart.
c.
two separate loops powered by a four-chambered heart.
d.
two separate loops powered by a three-chambered heart.
 

 21. 
Which of the following mammals is a proboscidean?
a.
elephant
b.
bat
c.
rabbit
d.
shrew
 

 22. 
Mammals are characterized by each of the following EXCEPT
a.
endothermy.
b.
three-chambered hearts.
c.
mammary glands.
d.
hair.
 

 23. 
The volume of the chest cavity increases when
a.
the rib cage moves up and outward.
b.
the rib cage lowers.
c.
the bottom of the chest cavity moves upward.
d.
air leaves the lungs.
 

 24. 
An example of an animal with a marsupium is a(an)
a.
mouse.
b.
elephant.
c.
kangaroo.
d.
sea lion.
 

 25. 
The earliest mammals
a.
were large and resembled modern elephants.
b.
were small and probably were most active during the daytime.
c.
probably were nocturnal and ate insects.
d.
appeared about 65 million years ago and had simple teeth.
 

 26. 
A feature that is present in most female mammals, but not male mammals, is
a.
the ability to nourish young with milk.
b.
subcutaneous fat.
c.
breathing air.
d.
generating body heat internally.
 

 27. 
On which continent would you find a monkey that can hold onto a branch while it uses its hands and feet to grasp something else?
a.
Asia
b.
Australia
c.
South America
d.
Africa
 

 28. 
Which of the following animals is LEAST closely related to the other three?
a.
mole
b.
mouse
c.
porcupine
d.
vole
 

 29. 
Which part of a mammal’s brain contains a well-developed cerebral cortex—the center of thinking?
a.
spinal cord
b.
medulla oblongata
c.
cerebrum
d.
cerebellum
 

 30. 
To release heat from their bodies when necessary, some mammals use their
a.
high rate of metabolism.
b.
external body hair.
c.
subcutaneous fat.
d.
sweat glands.
 

 31. 
Which organ is used by a cow to feed her newborn calf?
a.
marsupium
b.
placenta
c.
rumen
d.
mammary gland
 

 32. 
A primate that uses its prehensile tail to swing from branch to branch is the
a.
squirrel monkey.
b.
macaque.
c.
orangutan.
d.
gibbon.
 

 33. 
In mammals, the amount of water in the body is controlled mainly by the
a.
lungs.
b.
diaphragm.
c.
heart.
d.
kidneys.
 

 34. 
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of primates?
a.
flexible digits
b.
a well-developed cerebrum
c.
a cloaca
d.
binocular vision
 

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 35. 
The first mammals were very large.
 

 36. 
A mammal with reduced canines and flattened premolars is most likely a herbivore.
 

 37. 
All mammals are ectotherms.
 

 38. 
Among mammals, only the monotremes lay eggs.
 

 39. 
A mammal that can learn to find its way through a maze more quickly than another mammal probably has a better-developed cerebellum.
 

 40. 
Bush babies and lemurs are in the group of primates known as anthropoids.
 

 41. 
Convergent evolution has produced mammals that have different adaptations on different continents.
 

 42. 
Primates have opposable vision, which is the ability to merge images from both eyes.
 

 43. 
Slow-moving, herbivorous mammals that live in rivers and warm coastal waters are in the order of sirenians.
 

 44. 
Cows can digest cellulose because they have symbiotic bacteria in their rumen.
 

 45. 
New World monkeys live almost entirely in trees.
 

Completion Complete each statement using the following word bank.    COPY AND PASTE!

artiodactyls
backbone
bipedal
cerebrum
convergent evolution
duckbill platypus
hair
mammary glands
new world
placenta
plants
 

 46. 
Primates that walk on two feet use ____________________ locomotion.
 

 

 47. 
Two features that are found in all mammals but are not found in other chordates are hair and _________________________.
 

 

 48. 
A flexible ____________________ allows mammals to move both vertically and from side to side.
 

 

 49. 
Because an oryx has four toes on each foot, this hoofed mammal is classified in the order called ____________________.
 

 

 50. 
If geographically isolated species have similar characteristics that were not present in their ancestors, those mammals are said to have undergone _________________________.
 

 

 51. 
If a mammal has a rumen in its digestive tract, the mammal’s molars and premolars are adapted for grinding ____________________.
 

 

 52. 
Primates can display more complex behaviors than many other mammals because their brains have a well-developed ____________________.
 

 

 53. 
Mammals have ____________________ and body fat that help conserve body heat.
 

 

 54. 
The anthropoids that are native to Central and South America are called ____________________ monkeys.
 

 

 55. 
The only monotremes that exist today are the _________________________ and the spiny anteaters.
 

 

 56. 
During embryonic development, a young mammal receives oxygen and nutrients and eliminates wastes through the _________________________.
 

 



 
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