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Anatomy and Physiology Ch. 23 Respiratory System Mastery Learning Test in Works

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The nasal cavity
a.
is mostly lined with pseudostratified ciliated epithelium
b.
has a vestibule, which contains the olfactory epithelium
c.
is connected to the pharynx by the external layers
d.
has passageways called conchae
 

 2. 
The nasopharynx
a.
has openings from the paranasal sinuses
b.
contains the pharyngeal tonsil
c.
opens into the oral cavity through the fauces
d.
extends to the tip of the epiglottis
 

 3. 
The larynx
a.
connects the oropharynx to the trachea
b.
has three unpaired cartilages and six paired cartilages
c.
contains the vocal folds
d.
all of the above
 

 4. 
The trachea possesses
a.
skeletal muscle
b.
pleural fluid glands
c.
C-shaped pieces of cartilage
d.
walls with stratified epithelium
e.
all of the above
 

 5. 
The conducting zone of the tracheobronchial tree ends at the
a.
alveolar duct
b.
alveoli
c.
bronchioles
d.
respiratory bronchioles
e.
terminal bronchioles
 

 6. 
During an asthmaattack, the patient has difficulty breathing because of constriction of the
a.
trachea
b.
bronchi
c.
terminal bronchioles
d.
alveoli
e.
respiratory membrane
 

 7. 
During quiet expiration,
a.
the abdominal muscles relax
b.
the diaphragm moves inferiorly
c.
the external intercostal muscles contract
d.
the thorax and lungs passively recoil
e.
all of the above
 

 8. 
The parietal pleura
a.
covers the surface of the lung
b.
covers the inner surface of the thoracic cavity
c.
is the connective tissue membrane that divides the thoracic cavity into the right and left pleural cavities
d.
covers the inner surface of the alveoli
e.
is the membrane across which gas exchange occurs
 

 9. 
Contraction of the bronchiolar smooth muscle has which of the following effects?
a.
decreases resistance to gas flow
b.
a smaller pressure gradient is required to get the same rate of gas flow when compared with the normal bronchioles
c.
increases resistance to gas flow
d.
does not affect gas flow
e.
a and b
 

 10. 
During the process of inspiration, which of the following pressures decrease when compared with the beginning of inspiration?
a.
alveolar pressure
b.
pleural pressure
c.
barometric pressure
d.
a and b
e.
all of the above
 

 11. 
During the process of expiration, the alveolar pressure is
a.
greater than the pleural pressure
b.
greater than the barometric pressure
c.
less than the barometric pressure
d.
a and b
 

 12. 
The lungs do not normally collapse because of
a.
surfactant
b.
pleural pressure
c.
elastic recoil
d.
a and b
e.
all of the above
 

 13. 
Immediately after the creation of an opening through the thorax into the pleural cavity,
a.
air flows into the pleural cavity through the hole
b.
air flows out of the pleural cavity through the hole
c.
air neither flows out nor in through the hole
d.
the lung protrudes through the hole
e.
b and d
 

 14. 
Compliance of the lungs and thorax
a.
is the volume by which the lungs and thorax change for each unit change of alveolar pressure
b.
increases in emphysema
c.
decreases because of lack of surfactant
d.
all of the above
 

 15. 
A patient expires normally; then, using force expiration, he blows as much air as possible into a spirometer. This measures the
a.
inspiratory reserve
b.
expiratory reserve
c.
residual volume
d.
tidal volume
e.
vital capacity
 

 16. 
Given the following lung volumes:
1. tidal volume = 500 mL
2. residual volume = 1000 mL
3. inspiratory reserve = 2500 mL
4. expiratory reserve = 1000 mL
5. dead space = 1000 mL

The vital capacity is
a.
3000 mL
b.
3500 mL
c.
4000 mL
d.
5000 mL
e.
6000 mL
 

 17. 
The alveolar ventilation is the
a.
tidal volume times respiratory rate
b.
minute ventilation plus the dead space
c.
the amount of air available for gas exchange in the lungs
d.
all of the above
 

 18. 
If the total pressure of a gas is 760 mm Hg and its composition is 20% oxygen. .04% carbon dioxide, 75% nitrogen, and 5% water vapor, the partial pressure of oxygen is
a.
15.2 mm Hg
b.
20 mm Hg
c.
148 mm Hg
d.
152 mm Hg
e.
740 mm Hg
 

 19. 
Which of the following layers must gases cross to pass from the alveolus to the blood within the pulmonary capillaries?
a.
endothelium
b.
basement membrane
c.
simple squamous epithelium
d.
a and b
e.
all of the above
 

 20. 
Which of the following increases the rate of gas exchange across the respiratory membrane?
a.
increase in thickness of the respiratory membrane
b.
decrease in surface area of the respiratory membrane
c.
increase in partial pressure differences of gases across the respiratory membrane
d.
all of the above
 

 21. 
Which gas diffuses most rapidly across the respiratory membrane?
a.
carbon dioxide
b.
oxygen
 

 22. 
In which of the following sequences does PO2 progressively decrease?
a.
arterial blood, alveolar air, body tissues
b.
body tissues, arterial blood, alveolar air
c.
body tissues, alveolar air, arterial blood
d.
alveolar air, arterial blood, body tissues
 

 23. 
Oxygen is mostly transported in the blood
a.
dissolved in plasma
b.
bound to blood proteins
c.
within bicarbonate ions
d.
bound to the heme portion of hemoglobin
 

 24. 
If the alveolar partial pressure of oxygen decreases to 77 mm Hg,
a.
significantly less oxygen is bound to hemoglobin
b.
the subject rapidly dies of asphyxiation
c.
appropriately 50% of the hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen
d.
nearly all of the hemoglobin is saturated with oxygen
 

 25. 
The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve is adaptive because it
a.
shifts to the right in the pulmonary capillaries and to the left in the tissue capillaries
b.
shifts to the left in the pulmonary capillaries and to the right in the tissue capillaries
c.
doesn’t shift
 

 26. 
Carbon dioxide is mostly transported in the blood
a.
dissolved in plasma
b.
bound to blood proteins
c.
within bicarbonate ions
d.
bound to the globin portion of hemoglobin
 

 27. 
The partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the venous blood is
a.
greater than in the tissue spaces
b.
less than in the tissue spaces
c.
less than in the alveoli
d.
less than in arterial blood
 

 28. 
After passing through the lungs, hemoglobin is better able to combine with carbon dioxide because of the
a.
Bohr effect
b.
Haldane effect
c.
a and b
 

 29. 
The chloride shift
a.
occurs primarily in pulmonary capillaries
b.
occurs when chloride ions replace bicarbonate ions within erythrocytes
c.
decreases the formation of bicarbonate ions
d.
all of the above
 

 30. 
Which of the following parts of the brainstem is correctly matched with its function?
a.
ventral respiratory groups - stimulate the diaphragm
b.
dorsal respiratory groups - limits inflation of the lungs
c.
pontine respiratory group - switching between inspiration and expiration
d.
all of the above
 

 31. 
The chemosensitive area
a.
stimulates the respiratory center when blood carbon dioxide levels increase
b.
stimulates the respiratory center when blood pH increases
c.
is located in the pons
d.
all of the above
 

 32. 
Blood oxygen levels
a.
are more important than carbon dioxide in the regulation of respiration
b.
need to change only slightly to cause a change in respiration
c.
are detected by sensory receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
d.
all of the above
 

 33. 
The Hering-Breuer reflex
a.
decreases inspiratory volume
b.
increases inspiratory volume
c.
occurs in response to changes in carbon dioxide levels in the blood
d.
a and b
e.
b and c
 

 34. 
During exercise respiration rate and depth increases primarily because of
a.
increased blood carbon dioxide levels
b.
decreased blood oxygen levels
c.
decreased blood pH
d.
input to the respiratory center from the cerebral motor cortex and from proprioceptors
e.
all of the above
 

 35. 
In response to exercise training,
a.
tidal volume at rest does not change
b.
minute ventilation during maximal exercise increases
c.
the brain learns to match ventilation to exercise intensity
d.
all of the above
 



 
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