Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Which of these is a function of bone?
a. | internal support and protection | b. | provides attachment for the
muscles | c. | calcium and phosphate storage | d. | blood cell formation | e. | all of the
above |
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2.
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The extracellular matrix for hyaline cartilage
a. | is produced by chondroblasts | b. | contains collagen | c. | contains
proteoglycans | d. | is usually covered by perichondrium | e. | all of the
above |
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3.
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Chondrocytes are mature cartilage cells found within the ______________, and
they are derived from ________________.
a. | perichondrium, fibroblast | b. | perichondrium,
chondroblasts | c. | lacunae, fibroblasts | d. | lacunae,
chondroblasts |
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4.
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Cartilage
a. | often occurs in thin plates or sheets | b. | receives nutrients and oxygen by
diffusion | c. | grows as a result of chondroblast formation by the perichondrium | d. | all of the
above |
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5.
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A fracture in the shaft of a bone would be a break in the
a. | epiphysis | b. | perichondrium | c. | diaphysis | d. | articular
cartilage |
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6.
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Yellow marrow is
a. | mostly adipose tissue | b. | found within the medullary cavity in
adults | c. | associated mostly with the long bones of the limbs in adults | d. | all of the
above |
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7.
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Which of these connective tissues cover the surface of mature bones?
a. | periosteum | b. | perichondrium | c. | hyaline
cartilage | d. | A and C | e. | B and C |
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8.
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Which of these substances make up the major portion of bone?
a. | collagen | b. | hydroxyapatite | c. | proteoglycan
aggregates | d. | osteocytes | e. | osteoblasts |
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9.
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The flexibility of bone occurs because of
a. | osteoclasts | b. | ligaments | c. | calcium
salts | d. | collagen fibers |
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10.
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The prime function of osteoclasts is to
a. | prevent osteoblasts from forming | b. | become osteocytes | c. | break down
bone | d. | secret calcium salts and collagen fibers | e. | form
bone |
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11.
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Central canals
a. | connect perforating canals to canaliculi | b. | connect spongy bone
to compact bone | c. | are where red blood cells are produced | d. | are found only in spongy
bone |
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12.
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The type of lamellae found in osteons is
a. | circumferential lamellae | b. | concentric lamellae | c. | interstitial
lamellae | d. | none of the above |
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13.
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Given these events:
1. osteoprogenitor cells become osteoblasts
2.
connective tissue membrane formed
3. osteoblasts produce woven bone
Which sequence best
describes intramembranous bone formation?
a. | 1, 2, 3 | b. | 1, 3, 2 | c. | 2, 1,
3 | d. | 2, 3, 1 | e. | 3, 2, 1 |
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14.
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Given these processes:
1. chondrocytes
2. calcification of cartilage
matrix
3. chondrocytes hypertrophy
4. osteoblasts deposit bone
5. blood vessels grow into
lacunae
Which of these sequences best represents the order in which they occur during
endochondral bone formation?
a. | 3, 2, 1, 4, 5 | b. | 3, 2, 1, 5, 4 | c. | 5, 2, 3, 4,
1 | d. | 3, 2, 5, 1, 4 | e. | 3, 5, 2, 4, 1 |
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15.
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Intramembranous bone formation
a. | occurs at the epiphyseal plate | b. | gives rise to the flat bones of the
skull | c. | is responsible for growth in diameter of a bone | d. | occurs within a
hyaline cartilage model | e. | all of the
above |
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16.
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The ossification regions formed during early fetal development are
a. | secondary ossification centers | b. | cartilage at the ends of
bones | c. | primary ossification centers | d. | medullary
cavities |
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17.
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Articular cartilage is
a. | found on the ends of bone | b. | hyaline cartilage | c. | embryonic cartilage
that does not ossify | d. | all of the
above |
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18.
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Growth in length of bone occurs
a. | at the primary ossification center | b. | beneath the periosteum | c. | at the
diaphysis | d. | at the epiphyseal plate |
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19.
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During bone growth in length cartilage is formed and then ossified. The location
of the ossification is the
a. | zone of proliferation | b. | zone of resting cartilage | c. | zone of
hypertrophy | d. | zone of calcification |
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20.
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Chronic vitamin D deficiency in which of these?
a. | Bones become brittle. | b. | Bones become soft and
pliable. | c. | The percentage of bone composed of collagen increases. | d. | The percentage of
bone composed of hydroxyapatite increases. | e. | B and C |
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21.
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Osteoclast activity is stimulated by
a. | calcitonin | b. | growth hormone | c. | parathyroid
hormone | d. | sex hormones |
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22.
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A 16-year-old female with delayed sexual maturation has an adrenal tumor that
produces large amounts of sex steroids (estrogen and testosterone). If this condition is allowed to
go untreated, which of these symptoms could be expected?
a. | She would experience a short period of rapid growth. | b. | As an adult she
would be taller than a normal adult. | c. | As an adult she would be shorter than a normal
adult. | d. | She would grow normally. | e. | A and B |
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23.
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Destruction and remodeling of bone can occur
a. | as bones change shape during growth | b. | as bones are subjected to varying patterns of
stress | c. | during and following the healing of fractures | d. | all of the
above |
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24.
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In a bone that is no longer growing, where would one be most likely to find an
osteoclast?
a. | under the periosteum | b. | epiphyseal plate | c. | articular
cartilage | d. | Perforating canal |
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25.
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In the healing of bone fractures
a. | a hematoma forms around the break | b. | fibroblasts, chondroblasts, and osteoblasts are
involved | c. | the internal callus between bone fragments consists of
fibrocartilage | d. | the external callus around bone fragments consists of cartilage and
bone | e. | all of the above |
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