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Anatomy and Physiology Ch. 26 Urinary Mastery Learning Test in Worksheests

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
The kidney functions in
a.
disposal of nitrogenous wastes (such as urea)
b.
maintaining normal blood volume
c.
maintaining normal blood pH
d.
maintaining normal blood osmotic pressure
e.
all of the above
 

 2. 
The cortex of the kidney contains the
a.
hilus
b.
glomeruli
c.
Perirenal fat
d.
renal pyramids
 

 3. 
The portion of the kidney that consists primarily of vasa recta, loops of Henle, and collecting ducts is the
a.
renal cortex
b.
renal pelvis
c.
perirenal fat
d.
renal pyramids
 

 4. 
Given these structures:
1. major calyx
2. mino calyx
3. renal papilla
4. renal pelvis

Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in order as urine leaves the collecting tubule and travels to the ureter.
a.
1, 4, 2, 3
b.
2, 3, 1, 4
c.
3, 2, 1, 4
d.
4, 1, 3, 2
 

 5. 
Which of these structures contains blood?
a.
glomerulus
b.
vasa recta
c.
tubule
d.
Bowman’s capsule
e.
a and b
 

 6. 
Given these vessels:
1. arcuate artery
2. interlobar artery
3. interlobular artery

A red blood cell has just just passed through the renal artery into a segmental artery. Choose the path blood takes to reach the afferent arteriole.
a.
2, 1, 3
b.
2, 3, 1
c.
3, 1, 2
d.
3, 2, 1
 

 7. 
The urinary bladder is
a.
made up of skeletal muscle
b.
lined by simple columnar epithelium
c.
connected to the outside of the body by the ureter
d.
located in the pelvic cavity
 

 8. 
Kidney function is accomplished by which of these mechanisms?
a.
filtration
b.
secretion
c.
reabsorption
d.
a and b
e.
all of the above
 

 9. 
The amount of plasma that enters Bowman’s capsule per minute is the
a.
glomerular filtration rate
b.
renal plasma flow
c.
renal blood flow times the hematocrit
d.
renal plasma flow times the percent of filtrate that is not reabsorbed into the blood
 

 10. 
Given these structures:
1. basement membrane
2. fenestra
3. filtration slit

Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the order a molecule of glucose encounters them as the glucose passes through the filtration membrane to enter Bowman’s capsule.
a.
1, 2, 3
b.
2, 1, 3
c.
3, 1, 2
d.
3, 2, 1
 

 11. 
If the glomerular capillary pressure is 40 mm Hg, the capsule pressure is 10 mm Hg, and the colloid osmotic pressure within the glomerulus is 30 mm Hg, the filtration pressure is
a.
-20 mm Hg
b.
0 mm Hg
c.
20 mm Hg
d.
60 mm Hg
e.
80 mm Hg
 

 12. 
Which of these conditions reduces filtration pressure in the glomerulus?
a.
elevated blood pressure
b.
constriction of the afferent arterioles
c.
decreased plasma protein concentrations
d.
dilation of the afferent arterioles
 

 13. 
Glucose usually is completely reabsorbed from the urine by the time the urine has reached the
a.
end of the proximal tube
b.
tip of the loop of Henle
c.
end of the distal tubule
d.
end of the collecting duct
 

 14. 
The greatest volume of water is reabsorbed from the nephron by the
a.
proximal tubule
b.
loop of Henle
c.
distal tubule
d.
collecting duct
 

 15. 
Water leaves the nephron by
a.
active transport
b.
filtration into the capillary network
c.
osmosis
d.
facilitated diffusion
 

 16. 
Potassium ions enter the ____________ by ___________.
a.
proximal tubule, diffusion
b.
proximal tubule, active transport
c.
distal tubule, diffusion
d.
distal tubule, active transport
 

 17. 
The countercurrent mechanism that produces a hyperosmotic environment in the medulla of the kidney results from the
a.
effects of ADH on water permeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
b.
impermeability of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle to water
c.
cotransport of Na+, K+, and Cl- out of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle
d.
a and c
e.
b and c
 

 18. 
At which of these sites is the osmolality lowest (lowest concentration)?
a.
glomerular capillary
b.
proximal tubule
c.
bottom of the loop of Henle
d.
initial section of the distal tubule
e.
collecting duct
 

 19. 
Increased aldosterone causes
a.
decreased reabsorption of sodium
b.
decreased blood volume
c.
decreased reabsorption of chloride
d.
increased permeability of the distal tubule to water
e.
decreased volume of urine
 

 20. 
Juxtaglomerular cells are involved in the secretion of
a.
ADH
b.
oxytocin
c.
renin
d.
aldosterone
 

 21. 
ADH governs the
a.
sodium pump of the proximal tubules
b.
water permeability of the loop of Henle
c.
sodium pump of the vasa recta
d.
water permeability of the distal tubules and collecting ducts
 

 22. 
A decrease in blood osmolality results in which of these?
a.
increased ADH secretion
b.
increased permeability of the collecting ducts to water
c.
decreased urine osmolality
d.
all of the above
 

 23. 
If the blood pressure increased by 50 mm Hg,
a.
the afferent arterioles constrict
b.
glomerular capillary pressure increases 50 mm Hg
c.
glomerular filtration rate increases dramatically
d.
all of the above
 

 24. 
Which of these conditions decreases extracellular fluid volume?
a.
Constriction of afferent arterioles.
b.
Increase in ADH secretion.
c.
Decrease in atrial natriuretic hormone secretion.
d.
Decrease in aldosterone secretion.
e.
Stimulation of sympathetic nerves to kidneys.
 

 25. 
The amount of a substance that filters through the filtration membrane per minute is the
a.
renal plasma flow
b.
tubular load
c.
plasma clearance
d.
tubular maximum
 

 26. 
Given these events:
1. loss of voluntary motor control of urination
2. loss of the sensation of the need to urinate
3. loss of reflex emptying of the urinary bladder

Following transection of the spinal cord at level L5, which of the events occurs?
a.
1
b.
2
c.
1, 2
d.
2, 3
e.
1, 2, 3
 



 
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