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Anatomy and Physiology Ch. 10 Muscular System Mastery Learning Test in Workshee

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
Which of these is true of skeletal muscle?
a.
spindle-shaped cells
b.
under involuntary control
c.
many peripherally located nuclei per muscle cell
d.
forms the walls of hollow internal organs
e.
all of the above
 

 2. 
The connective tissue sheath that surrounds a muscle fasciculus is the
a.
perimysium
c.
epimysium (fascia)
b.
endomysium
d.
hypomysium
 

 3. 
Given these structures:
1. whole muscle
2. muscle fiber cell
3. myofilament
4. myofibril
5. muscle fasciculus (bundle)

Choose the arrangement that lists the structures in the correct order from the largest to the smallest structure.
a.
1, 2, 5, 3 ,4
b.
1, 2, 5, 4, 3
c.
1, 5, 2, 3, 4
d.
1, 5, 2, 4, 3
e.
1, 5, 4, 2, 3
 

 4. 
Each myofibril
a.
is made up of many muscle fibers
b.
contains sarcoplasmic reticulum
c.
is made up of many sarcomeres
d.
contains T tubules
e.
is equivalent to a muscle fiber
 

 5. 
Myosin
a.
is attached to the Z disk
b.
is found primarily in the I band
c.
is thinner than actin
d.
none of the above
 

 6. 
Which of these statements about the molecular structure of myofilaments is true?
a.
Tropomyosin has a binding site for Ca2+ ions.
b.
The head of the myosin molecule binds to an active site on G-actin.
c.
ATPase is found on troponin.
d.
Troponin binds to the rodlike portion of myosin.
 

 7. 
The part of the sarcolemma that invaginates into the interior of a skeletal muscle cell is the
a.
T tubule system
b.
sarcoplasmic reticulum
c.
myofibrils
d.
none of the above
 

 8. 
Given these events:
1. acetylcholine broken down into acetic acid and choline
2. acetylcholine moves across the synaptic cleft
3. action potential reaches the terminal branch of motor neuron
4.acetylcholine combines with a receptor molecule
5. action potential produced on muscle cell membrane

Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur at a neuromuscular junction.
a.
2, 3, 4, 1, 5
b.
3, 2, 4, 5, 1
c.
3, 4, 2, 1, 5
d.
4, 5, 2, 1, 3
 

 9. 
Given these events:
1. sarcoplasmic reticulum releases Ca2+ ions
2. sarcoplasmic reticulum takes up Ca2+ ions
3. Ca2+ ions diffuse into myofibrils
4. action potential moves down the T tubule
5. sarcomere shortens
6. muscle relaxes

Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur following a single stimulation of a skeletal muscle cell.
a.
1, 3, 4, 5, 2, 6
b.
2, 3, 5, 4, 6, 2
c.
4, 1, 3, 5, 2, 6
d.
4, 2, 3, 5, 1, 6
e.
5, 1, 4, 3, 2, 6
 

 10. 
Given these events:
1. Ca2+ ions combine with tropomyosin
2. Ca2+ ions combine with troponin
3. tropomyosin pulls away from actin
4. troponin pulls away from actin
5. tropomyosin pulls away from myosin
6. troponin pulls away from myosin
7. myosin binds to actin

Choose the arrangement that lists the events in the order they occur during muscle contraction.
a.
1, 4, 7
b.
2, 3, 7
c.
1, 3, 7
d.
2, 4, 7
e.
2, 5, 6
 

 11. 
Skeletal muscles
a.
require energy in order to relax
b.
require energy in order to contract
c.
shorten with a force
d.
a and b
e.
all of the above
 

 12. 
Which of these events occurs during the lag (latent) phase of muscle contraction?
a.
cross bridge formation
b.
active transport of Ca2+ ions into the sarcoplasmic reticulum
c.
Ca2+ ions combine with troponin
d.
the sarcomere shortens
 

 13. 
Which of these regions shortens during skeletal muscle contraction?
a.
A band
b.
I band
c.
H zone
d.
a and b
e.
b and c
 

 14. 
A motor unit is
a.
a nerve fiber and all of the muscle fibers it innervates
b.
a nerve and the muscle it innervates
c.
a muscle fiber and the nerve fibers that innervate it
d.
none of the above
 

 15. 
Under normal circumstances, at the level of a single skeletal muscle fiber, there are
a.
graded contractions, depending on the strength of the stimulus input
b.
several rapid contractions resulting in the main contraction
c.
all-or-none responses
 

 16. 
Considering the force of contraction of a muscle cell, multiple wave summation occurs because of
a.
increased frequency of action potentials on the cell membrane
b.
increased number of cross-bridges formed
c.
increase in Ca2+ ion concentration around the myofibrils
d.
all of the above
 

 17. 
Graphed below is the response of an isolated skeletal muscle to a single stimulus of increasing strength.

Given the preceding information and what you know about skeletal muscle, choose the appropriate response(s) listed below.
a.
Skeletal muscles respond in an all-or-none fashion.
b.
Between stimulus strength A and B the number of sarcomeres that contract increases.
c.
Between stimulus strength B and C the number of sarcomeres that contract increases.
d.
a and b
e.
a and c
 

 18. 
Each muscle fiber responds in an all-or-none fashion. However, when maximal stimuli are applied to a skeletal muscle at an increasing frequency, the amplitude of contraction increases. Which of these statements is (are) consistent with this observation?
a.
Tetanic stimuli cause a greater degree of contraction of the sarcomeres.
b.
Early in a tetanic contraction the connective tissue components of muscle are stretched, allowing it to apply a greater tension to the load.
c.
A greater concentration of Ca2+ ions around myofilaments is achieved
d.
a and c
e.
all of the above
 

 19. 
A weight-lifter attempts to lift a weight from the floor, but the weight is so heavy he is unable to move it. The type of muscle contraction the weight-lifter used was mostly
a.
isometric
b.
isotonic
c.
isokinetic
 

 20. 
Given this graph:

Choose the appropriate response.
a.
The maximum sarcomere length occurs at B.
b.
It is an advantage for one to greatly stretch one’s muscles before trying to lift a heavy object.
c.
The overlap of actin and myosin is greater at B than at A.
d.
It would be an advantage if the resting length of one’s muscles was near B.
e.
all of the above
 

 21. 
Sam Macho was demonstrating to his friends the number of push-ups he could accomplish. After 30 push-ups he could do no more. After a short resting period he tried again. This time his friends vigorously yelled encouragement and he was able to do 35 push-ups.

Which of these statements is most appropriate?
a.
Fatigue during the first attempt was primarily due to ATP depletion in muscle.
b.
Fatigue during the first attempt was primarily due to “fatigue” within the central nervous system.
c.
Following the depletion of creatine phosphate during the first attempt, the rate of anaerobic metabolism increased to provide a greater amount of ATP during the second attempt.
d.
After a vigorous “warm up” period one can nearly always perform better.
 

 22. 
Marvin Amskray broke his school record of 19 seconds in the 220-yard dash. During his record-breaking run, which of these provided the greatest amount of energy for muscular contraction?
a.
reactions that require oxygen
b.
reactions that do not use oxygen
c.
non-ATP compounds that have a phosphate group bound to them
d.
a and c
e.
b and c
 

 23. 
In response to a homework assignment a group of students in an anatomy and physiology class had to run a quarter mile as fast as possible. Following the race, which of these conditions would be expected to exist in their bodies immediately after the run?
a.
elevated oxygen consumption
b.
increased formation of creatine phosphate
c.
increased conversion of lactic acid to glucose
d.
a and b
e.
all of the above
 

 24. 
Which of these conditions would one expect to find within the leg muscles of an avid long-distance bicycle rider?
a.
myoglobin-poor
b.
contract very quickly
c.
creatine phosphate is a major supplier of energy for contraction
d.
primarily anaerobic
e.
none of the above
 

 25. 
Aerobic excercise training can
a.
increase the fatigue resistance of slow-twitch muscle fibers.
b.
increase the number of myofibrils in slow-twitch fibers.
c.
convert fast-twitch muscle fibers into slow-twitch muscle fibers.
d.
a and b
e.
all of the above
 

 26. 
Body temperature following excercise is higher than body temperature before excercise because
a.
the chemical reactions necessary for contraction release energy in the form of heat.
b.
the chemical reactions necessary to pay back the oxygen debt release energy in the form of heat.
c.
the rate of chemical reactions in contracting muscles increases.
d.
all of the above
 

 27. 
After contraction has occured in smooth muscle, the Ca2+ ions
a.
are destroyed by acetylcholinesterase
b.
are chemically bound to the filaments
c.
are pumped out of the cell by active transport
d.
are secreted by the Golgi apparatus
e.
combine with ATP
 

 28. 
Which of these often have spontaneous contractions?
a.
multiunit smooth muscle
b.
visceral smooth muscle
c.
a and b
d.
a and c
 

 29. 
Compared to skeletal muscle, visceral smooth muscle
a.
has the same ability to be stretched
b.
when stretched, loses the ability to contract forcefully
c.
maintains about the same tension even when stretched
d.
cannot maintain long, steady contractions
 

 30. 
Which of these applies to smooth muscle cells?
a.
Numerous sarcomeres give the cells a striated appearance.
b.
Ca2+ ions bind to calmodulin and cause cross-bridge formation.
c.
Smooth muscle cells have extensive sarcoplasmic reticulum and T tubules.
d.
Slow waves in the RMP result from K+ ions slowly diffusing into the cell.
e.
none of the above
 



 
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